Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging

Glycosaminoglycans: Sweet as Sugar Targets for Topical Skin Anti-Aging

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide units with pleiotropic biological functions, with the non-sulfated GAG hyaluronic acid (HA), and sulfated GAGs dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and to a lesser exten...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 2021-01, Vol.14, p.1227-1246
Main Authors: Wang, Siew Tein, Neo, Boon Hoe, Betts, Richard J
Format: Article
Language:eng
Subjects:
Aging
Amino acids
Biological activity
c-xyloside
Care and treatment
Chondroitin sulfate
Endoplasmic reticulum
Enzymes
growth factor
Heparan sulfate
Hyaluronic acid
Physiological aspects
Proteins
proteoglycan
retinoic acid
Review
Skin
Sulfates
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides comprised of repeating disaccharide units with pleiotropic biological functions, with the non-sulfated GAG hyaluronic acid (HA), and sulfated GAGs dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and to a lesser extent heparin all being expressed in skin. Their ability to regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory processes and extracellular matrix composition and quality demonstrates their critical role in regulating skin physiology. Similarly, the water-binding properties of GAGs and structural qualities, particularly for HA, are crucial for maintaining proper skin form and hydration. The biological importance of GAGs, as well as extensive evidence that their properties and functions are altered in both chronological and extrinsic skin aging, makes them highly promising targets to improve cosmetic skin quality. Within the present review, we examine the cutaneous biological activity of GAGs alongside the protein complexes they form called proteoglycans and summarize the age-related changes of these molecules in skin. We also examine current topical interventional approaches to modulate GAGs for improved skin quality such as direct exogenous administration of GAGs, with a particular interest in strategies targeted at potentiating GAG levels in skin through either attenuating GAG degradation or increasing GAG production. Keywords: proteoglycan, growth factor, retinoic acid, hyaluronic acid, C- xyloside
ISSN:1178-7015
1178-7015