Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential of the isolated compounds from Spermacoce princeae (K. Schum)

Spermacoce princeae (K. Schum) has been used in the treatment of bacterial skin infections in Uganda. Pharmacological studies revealed that extracts of S. princeae exhibited antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential. This study aimed at isolating and identifying pure compounds from th...

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Published in:	BMC complementary medicine and therapies 2023-06, Vol.23 (1), p.201-201, Article 201
Main Authors:	Sekandi, Peter, Namukobe, Jane, Byamukama, Robert, Nagawa, Christine Betty, Barbini, Stefano, Bacher, Markus, Böhmdorfer, Stefan, Rosenau, Thomas
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Antibacterial agents Antifungal agents Antimicrobial activity Antioxidant activity Bacterial infections Chromatography Drug therapy Escherichia coli Health aspects Infection Inositol Medical research Medicine, Experimental Methanol Monosaccharides Organic compounds Phytosterols Saturated fatty acids Skin infections Spermacoce princeae Sugars Sun protection potential Sunscreens (Cosmetics)
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Summary:	Spermacoce princeae (K. Schum) has been used in the treatment of bacterial skin infections in Uganda. Pharmacological studies revealed that extracts of S. princeae exhibited antibacterial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential. This study aimed at isolating and identifying pure compounds from the extracts based on comprehensive analytical characterization by multiple analytical techniques. The plant samples were extracted by sequential maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and distilled water. The compounds were isolated using a combination of chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by multiple spectroscopic techniques. The antibacterial and antifungal activity determination of the isolated compounds was carried out using an agar well diffusion and potato dextrose assay against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus flavus while the antioxidant activity was screened with the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The sun protection factor was determined using a Shimadzu Ultra Violet-visible (UV-VIS) double beam spectrophotometer between 290 to 320 nm. Eleven compounds; quercetin (1), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (2), rutin (3, 12), myo-inositol (4), asperulosidic acid (5), hexadecanoic acid (6), β-sitosterol (7), stigmasterol (8), campesterol (9), ursolic acid (10), and β-sitosterol glucoside (11) were identified in the S. princeae extracts. Compound 2 had good antifungal activity against C. albicans (zone of inhibition, 23.0 ± 0.1 mm). Compound 10 showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. flavus. Compound 2 had a good percentage radical scavenging effect (IC = 64.81 µg/ml) and a good sun protection factor (SPF = 26.83). This study reports the first-time isolation and identification of compounds 1 to 11 from S. princeae, which contribute to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and sun protection potential.
ISSN:	2662-7671 2662-7671