Image-Based Mobile System for Dietary Management in an American Cardiology Population: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Dietary Coaching Delivered via a Smartphone App Versus Traditional Counseling

Randomized controlled trials conducted in Mediterranean countries have shown that the Mediterranean diet lowers adverse cardiovascular events. In the American population, diet remains the biggest uncontrolled risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that asynch...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2019-04, Vol.7 (4), p.e10755-e10755
Main Authors:	Choi, Brian G, Dhawan, Tania, Metzger, Kelli, Marshall, Lorraine, Akbar, Awdah, Jain, Tushina, Young, Heather A, Katz, Richard J
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Cardiology Cardiovascular Diseases - diet therapy Cardiovascular Diseases - psychology Cholesterol Clinical trials Counseling Counseling - methods Counseling - standards Diet Diet Therapy - instrumentation Diet Therapy - methods Diet Therapy - standards Diet, Mediterranean - statistics & numerical data Female Humans Literacy Low density lipoprotein Male Middle Aged Mobile Applications - standards Mobile Applications - trends Mortality Nutrition research Olive oil Operating systems Original Paper Patient Compliance - psychology Patient Compliance - statistics & numerical data Patient satisfaction Pilot Projects Risk Factors Smartphones Telemedicine Triglycerides
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Summary:	Randomized controlled trials conducted in Mediterranean countries have shown that the Mediterranean diet lowers adverse cardiovascular events. In the American population, diet remains the biggest uncontrolled risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that asynchronous dietary counseling supplied through a custom smartphone app results in better adherence to a Mediterranean diet in a non-Mediterranean population than traditional standard-of-care (SOC) counseling. In total, 100 patients presenting to the cardiology clinic of an academic medical center were randomized to either the SOC or smartphone app-based experimental (EXP) Mediterranean diet intervention after informed consent and 1 hour of individual face-to-face dietary counseling with a registered dietitian. Participants in EXP received a custom smartphone app that reinforced the Mediterranean diet, whereas participants in SOC received 2 additional sessions of in-person dietary counseling with the registered dietitian-30 min at 1 month and 30 min at 3 months. Preexisting knowledge of a Mediterranean diet was measured by the validated Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) instrument. Baseline height, weight, blood pressure (BP), and laboratory biomarkers were collected. At 1, 3, and 6 months, participants presented for a follow-up appointment to assess compliance to the Mediterranean diet using the MDS as well as a patient satisfaction survey, BP, and weight. Repeat laboratory biomarkers were performed at 3 and 6 months. Enrolled participants had a mean age with SE of 56.6 (SD 1.7) for SOC and 57.2 (SD 1.8) for EXP; 65.3% of SOC and 56.9% of EXP were male, and 20.4% of SOC and 35.3% of EXP had coronary artery disease. There were no significant differences between EXP and SOC with regard to BP, lipid parameters, hemoglobin A , or C-reactive protein (CRP). Participants in EXP achieved a significantly greater weight loss on average of 3.3 pounds versus 3.1 pounds for participants in SOC, P=.04. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased significantly over time for both groups (P
ISSN:	2291-5222 2291-5222