An Updated Overview of Almond Allergens

Tree nuts are considered an important food in healthy diets. However, for part of the world’s population, they are one of the most common sources of food allergens causing acute allergic reactions that can become life-threatening. They are part of the Big Eight food groups which are responsible for...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nutrients 2021-07, Vol.13 (8), p.2578
Main Authors:	Bezerra, Mário, Ribeiro, Miguel, Igrejas, Gilberto
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Allergens Allergic reactions Allergies almond almond allergens Anaphylaxis Cardiovascular diseases Consumer protection Consumers Descriptive labeling Diet Eggs Food Food allergies Food allergy Food consumption Food groups Food hypersensitivity Food sources Health risks Immunoglobulin E Immunoglobulins Ingredients Kinases Medical research nutrition Nuts Peanuts Physiology Proteins Regulation Review Risk management Shellfish
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Summary:	Tree nuts are considered an important food in healthy diets. However, for part of the world’s population, they are one of the most common sources of food allergens causing acute allergic reactions that can become life-threatening. They are part of the Big Eight food groups which are responsible for more than 90% of food allergy cases in the United States, and within this group, almond allergies are persistent and normally severe and life-threatening. Almond is generally consumed raw, toasted or as an integral part of other foods. Its dietary consumption is generally associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Several almond proteins have been recognized as allergens. Six of them, namely Pru du 3, Pru du 4, Pru du 5, Pru du 6, Pru du 8 and Pru du 10, have been included in the WHO-IUIS list of allergens. Nevertheless, further studies are needed in relation to the accurate characterization of the already known almond allergens or putative ones and in relation to the IgE-binding properties of these allergens to avoid misidentifications. In this context, this work aims to critically review the almond allergy problematic and, specifically, to perform an extensive overview regarding known and novel putative almond allergens.
ISSN:	2072-6643 2072-6643