Prompt Hematological Recovery in Response to a Combination of Pegylated Interferon α-2a and Rituximab in a Profoundly Immuno-Suppressed Hairy Cell Leukemia Patient with a Mycobacterial Infection at Onset: Benefits and Drawbacks of Rapid Immune Reconstitution

Prompt Hematological Recovery in Response to a Combination of Pegylated Interferon α-2a and Rituximab in a Profoundly Immuno-Suppressed Hairy Cell Leukemia Patient with a Mycobacterial Infection at Onset: Benefits and Drawbacks of Rapid Immune Reconstitution

The present paper reports, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of interferon (IFN)α-2a in pegylated formulation and rituximab after a "priming" phase with IFN in the frontline treatment of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) in a profound...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Hematology reports 2022-04, Vol.14 (2), p.135-142
Main Authors: Furlan, Anna, Rossi, Maria Cristina, Gherlinzoni, Filippo, Scotton, Piergiorgio
Format: Article
Language:eng
Subjects:
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AIDS
Biopsy
Bone marrow
Cardiovascular disease
Case Report
Flow cytometry
Hairy cell leukemia
Hematology
Immune reconstitution
immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Immunotherapy
Infections
Inflammation
interferon
Leukemia
Lymphatic system
Lymphoma
Medical imaging
Monoclonal antibodies
Neutropenia
Neutrophils
Nucleoside analogs
opportunistic infections
Patients
Rituximab
α-Interferon
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Summary:The present paper reports, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of interferon (IFN)α-2a in pegylated formulation and rituximab after a "priming" phase with IFN in the frontline treatment of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) in a profoundly immunosuppressed patient with a infection at onset. This immunotherapy combination may represent a potential therapeutic option in patients with active severe infection and for whom the use of purine nucleoside analogues (PNA) is contraindicated. The benefits and drawbacks of remarkably rapid immune reconstitution in the context of opportunistic infections are highlighted as well, as the potentially paradoxical effects of immune recovery as a result of effective immunotherapy strategies, known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), have to be taken into account when dealing with patients with opportunistic infections.
ISSN:2038-8322
2038-8330
2038-8330