Arginase 1 is a marker of protection against illness in contacts of leprosy patients

Leprosy household contacts are generally more prone to develop the disease compared to the general population. Previous studies have demonstrated that genes related to the alternative activation (M2) profile in macrophages are associated with the increased bacillary load in multibacillary leprosy pa...

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Published in:	Scientific reports 2022-05, Vol.12 (1), p.7850-7850, Article 7850
Main Authors:	da Silva Prata, Rhana Berto, Mendes, Mayara Abud, Soares, Vinicius Cardoso, França-Costa, Jaqueline, Sales, Anna Maria, Duppré, Nádia Cristina, de Matos Borges, Valéria, da Silva, Tatiana Pereira, Bozza, Patricia Torres, Bozza, Marcelo Torres, Sarno, Euzenir Nunes, Moraes, Milton Ozório, Sperandio da Silva, Gilberto Marcelo, Pinheiro, Roberta Olmo
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Antibodies, Bacterial Antigens, Bacterial Arginase Arginase - genetics Biomarkers CD163 antigen Cell activation Control programs Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Gene expression Glycolipids Heme Humans Leprosy Macrophages Mycobacterium leprae Oxygenase Population studies Risk assessment Serology Serum levels
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Summary:	Leprosy household contacts are generally more prone to develop the disease compared to the general population. Previous studies have demonstrated that genes related to the alternative activation (M2) profile in macrophages are associated with the increased bacillary load in multibacillary leprosy patients (MB), and that contacts of MB patients have a higher risk of contracting the disease. In addition, positive serological responses to PGL-1 or LID-1 are associated with a higher risk of disease. We performed a 5-year follow-up of contacts of leprosy patients and evaluated the pattern of gene and protein expression in cells from contacts that developed leprosy during this period. Leprosy household contacts had decreased soluble CD163 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) serum levels when compared with healthy donors and leprosy patients. In contrast, arginase 1 activities were higher in contacts when compared with both healthy donors and leprosy patients. Of the contacts, 33 developed leprosy during the follow-up. Gene expression analysis revealed reduced ARG1 expression in these contacts when compared with contacts that did not develop disease. Arginase activity was a good predictive marker of protection in contacts (sensitivity: 90.0%, specificity: 96.77%) and the association with serology for anti-PGL-1 and anti-LID-1 increased the sensitivity to 100%. Altogether, the data presented here demonstrate a positive role of arginase against leprosy and suggest that the evaluation of arginase activity should be incorporated into leprosy control programs in order to aid in the decision of which contacts should receive chemoprophylaxis.
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322