Impact of hypoxia stress on the physiological responses of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus : respiration, digestion, immunity and oxidative damage

Hypoxia is one of the most frequently occurring stressors confronted by industrial cultures of sea cucumber and can cause large economic losses and resource degradation. However, its responsive mechanisms are still lacking. In this paper, the physiological responses of to oxygen deficiency was illus...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) CA), 2018-04, Vol.6, p.e4651-e4651, Article e4651
Main Authors:	Huo, Da, Sun, Lina, Ru, Xiaoshang, Zhang, Libin, Lin, Chenggang, Liu, Shilin, Xin, Xiaoke, Yang, Hongsheng
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Acid phosphatase Alkaline phosphatase Anoxia Antioxidants Apostichopus japonicus Aquaculture Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science Aquatic environment Catalase Digestive enzymes Dissolved oxygen Echinoderm Echinodermata Ecology Environmental Impacts Enzymes Experiments Fish Fishing Gene expression Glutathione peroxidase Heat shock proteins Holothuroidea Hsp70 protein Hypoxia Immune system Immunology L-Lactate dehydrogenase Laboratories Lactic acid Lipase Lysozyme Malondialdehyde Marine Biology Marine ecology Metabolism Molecular Biology Nitrogen Oxygen consumption Peptidase Physiological behavior Physiology Probiotics Respiration Salinity Science Succinate dehydrogenase Trypsin α-Amylase
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Summary:	Hypoxia is one of the most frequently occurring stressors confronted by industrial cultures of sea cucumber and can cause large economic losses and resource degradation. However, its responsive mechanisms are still lacking. In this paper, the physiological responses of to oxygen deficiency was illustrated, including induced oxidative response and immune defense and changed digestive enzymes activities. Significantly increased activities of alpha-amylase (AMS), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase, catalase, peroxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and higher content of malondialdehyde, and decreased activities of lipase and trypsin (TRY) were observed after hypoxia exposure (dissolved oxygen [DO] 2 mg/L). Expressions of key genes showed that and were increased and was decreased under hypoxia. With the decline of the DO level, the decreased tendency of oxygen consumption rates was different in varied weight groups. Moreover, respiratory trees were observed degraded under long-term hypoxia stress, thus leading a negative effect of respiration. These results could help to develop a better understanding of the responsive mechanism of sea cucumber under hypoxia stress and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of hypoxia risk.
ISSN:	2167-8359 2167-8359