Diagnostic biomarkers for active tuberculosis: progress and challenges

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality from a single infectious agent, despite being preventable and curable. Early and accurate diagnosis of active TB is critical to both enhance patient care, improve patient outcomes, and break Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	EMBO molecular medicine 2022-12, Vol.14 (12), p.e14088-n/a
Main Authors:	Nogueira, Betânia M F, Krishnan, Sonya, Barreto‐Duarte, Beatriz, Araújo‐Pereira, Mariana, Queiroz, Artur T L, Ellner, Jerrold J, Salgame, Padmini, Scriba, Thomas J, Sterling, Timothy R, Gupta, Amita, Andrade, Bruno B
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	active TB biomarkers Child diagnostic biomarkers Humans Review tuberculosis Tuberculosis - diagnosis
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality from a single infectious agent, despite being preventable and curable. Early and accurate diagnosis of active TB is critical to both enhance patient care, improve patient outcomes, and break Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) transmission cycles. In 2020 an estimated 9.9 million people fell ill from Mtb, but only a little over half (5.8 million) received an active TB diagnosis and treatment. The World Health Organization has proposed target product profiles for biomarker‐ or biosignature‐based diagnostics using point‐of‐care tests from easily accessible specimens such as urine or blood. Here we review and summarize progress made in the development of pathogen‐ and host‐based biomarkers for active TB diagnosis. We describe several unique patient populations that have posed challenges to development of a universal diagnostic TB biomarker, such as people living with HIV, extrapulmonary TB, and children. We also review additional limitations to widespread validation and utilization of published biomarkers. We conclude with proposed solutions to enhance TB diagnostic biomarker validation and uptake. In this review, B. Andrade and colleagues discuss progress and challenges in the development of diagnostic biomarkers for active tuberculosis and propose potential solutions to improve tuberculosis biomarker validation and implementation.
ISSN:	1757-4676 1757-4684