A review of impact resistant biological and bioinspired materials and structures

Biological systems must have the capability to withstand impacts generated during collisions due to combat and defense. Thus, evolution has created complex materials’ architectures at various length scales that are capable of withstanding repeated, low-to-medium-velocity impacts (up to 50 m/s). In t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of materials research and technology 2020-11, Vol.9 (6), p.15705-15738
Main Authors:	Lazarus, Benjamin S., Velasco-Hogan, Audrey, Gómez-del Río, Teresa, Meyers, Marc A., Jasiuk, Iwona
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Bioinspiration Biological materials Hierarchical materials Impact resistance Natural composite materials Structural design motifs
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	Biological systems must have the capability to withstand impacts generated during collisions due to combat and defense. Thus, evolution has created complex materials’ architectures at various length scales that are capable of withstanding repeated, low-to-medium-velocity impacts (up to 50 m/s). In this paper, we review impact resistant biological systems with a focus on their recurrent structural design elements, material properties, and energy absorbing mechanisms. We classify these impact resistant structures at the micro- and meso-scales into layered, gradient, tubular, sandwich, and sutured and show how they construct global hierarchical, composite, porous, and interfacial architectures. Additionally, we review how these individual structures and their design parameters can provide a tailored response. We conclude with a future outlook and discussion of their potential for impact resistant bioinspired designs.
ISSN:	2238-7854