Membranous replication factories induced by plus-strand RNA viruses

In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the membranous replication factories of members of plus-strand (+) RNA viruses. We discuss primarily the architecture of these complex membrane rearrangements, because this topic emerged in the last few years as electron tomography has become...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Viruses 2014-07, Vol.6 (7), p.2826-2857
Main Authors:	Romero-Brey, Inés, Bartenschlager, Ralf
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Animals Cell Membrane - ultrastructure Cell Membrane - virology Coronaviridae - classification Coronaviridae - physiology Coronaviridae - ultrastructure coronaviruses double-membrane vesicles Electron Microscope Tomography electron microscopy electron tomography Endoplasmic Reticulum - ultrastructure Endoplasmic Reticulum - virology Eukaryotic Cells - pathology Eukaryotic Cells - virology Flaviviridae - classification Flaviviridae - physiology Flaviviridae - ultrastructure flaviviruses Hepacivirus - classification Hepacivirus - physiology Hepacivirus - ultrastructure hepatitis C virus Humans membrane rearrangements membranous replication factories Phylogeny Picornaviridae - classification Picornaviridae - physiology Picornaviridae - ultrastructure picornaviruses Review ultrastructure Viral Proteins - chemistry Viral Proteins - metabolism Virus Replication - physiology
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Summary:	In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the membranous replication factories of members of plus-strand (+) RNA viruses. We discuss primarily the architecture of these complex membrane rearrangements, because this topic emerged in the last few years as electron tomography has become more widely available. A general denominator is that two "morphotypes" of membrane alterations can be found that are exemplified by flaviviruses and hepaciviruses: membrane invaginations towards the lumen of the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) and double membrane vesicles, representing extrusions also originating from the ER, respectively. We hypothesize that either morphotype might reflect common pathways and principles that are used by these viruses to form their membranous replication compartments.
ISSN:	1999-4915 1999-4915