The Innate Immune Receptor NLRX1 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor by Reducing Colon Tumorigenesis and Key Tumor-Promoting Signals

NOD-like receptor (NLR) proteins are intracellular innate immune sensors/receptors that regulate immunity. This work shows that NLRX1 serves as a tumor suppressor in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and sporadic colon cancer by keeping key tumor promoting pathways in check. Nlrx1−/− mice were highly...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Cell reports (Cambridge) 2016-03, Vol.14 (11), p.2562-2575
Main Authors:	Koblansky, A. Alicia, Truax, Agnieszka D., Liu, Rongrong, Montgomery, Stephanie A., Ding, Shengli, Wilson, Justin E., Brickey, W. June, Mühlbauer, Marcus, McFadden, Rita-Marie T., Hu, Peizhen, Li, Zengshan, Jobin, Christian, Lund, Pauline Kay, Ting, Jenny P.-Y.
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein - genetics Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein - metabolism Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - therapeutic use Azoxymethane - toxicity Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism Carcinogenesis Colon - pathology Colonic Neoplasms - chemically induced Colonic Neoplasms - drug therapy Colonic Neoplasms - pathology Dextran Sulfate - toxicity Disease Models, Animal Humans Interleukin-6 - metabolism Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Microscopy, Fluorescence Mitochondrial Proteins - deficiency Mitochondrial Proteins - genetics Mitochondrial Proteins - metabolism Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism NF-kappa B - metabolism Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Signal Transduction - drug effects STAT3 Transcription Factor - metabolism
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Summary:	NOD-like receptor (NLR) proteins are intracellular innate immune sensors/receptors that regulate immunity. This work shows that NLRX1 serves as a tumor suppressor in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and sporadic colon cancer by keeping key tumor promoting pathways in check. Nlrx1−/− mice were highly susceptible to CAC, showing increases in key cancer-promoting pathways including nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The tumor-suppressive function of NLRX1 originated primarily from the non-hematopoietic compartment. This prompted an analysis of NLRX1 function in the Apcmin/+ genetic model of sporadic gastrointestinal cancer. NLRX1 attenuated Apcmin/+ colon tumorigenesis, cellular proliferation, NF-κB, MAPK, STAT3 activation, and IL-6 levels. Application of anti-interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) antibody therapy reduced tumor burden, increased survival, and reduced STAT3 activation in Nlrx1−/−Apcmin/+ mice. As an important clinical correlate, human colon cancer samples expressed lower levels of NLRX1 than healthy controls in multiple patient cohorts. These data implicate anti-IL6R as a potential personalized therapy for colon cancers with reduced NLRX1. [Display omitted] •NLRX1 mitigates tumorigenesis in a genetic model of sporadic colon cancer, APCmin/+•Nlrx1−/− colons have increased activation of tumor inducing STAT3, NFκB, MAPK, and IL6•Anti-IL6R therapy reduces mortality and tumor development in Nlrx1−/−APCmin/+ mice•Human colon tumors exhibit significantly lower levels of NLRX1 in multiple datasets Koblansky et al. find that loss of NLRX1 increases NF-κB, MAPK, STAT3, and IL-6. Anti-IL6R therapy reduces tumor burden in Nlrx1−/−Apcmin/+ mice. Human samples reveal that NLRX1 is lowered in colorectal cancer, indicating its translational importance for understanding colon cancer.
ISSN:	2211-1247 2211-1247