An Update on the Impact of Climate Change in Viticulture and Potential Adaptations

Climate change will impose increasingly warm and dry conditions on vineyards. Wine quality and yield are strongly influenced by climatic conditions and depend on complex interactions between temperatures, water availability, plant material, and viticultural techniques. In established winegrowing reg...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Agronomy (Basel) 2019-09, Vol.9 (9), p.514-20
Main Authors:	Cornelis van Leeuwen, Destrac-Irvine, Agnès, Dubernet, Matthieu, Duchêne, Eric, Gowdy, Mark, Marguerit, Elisa, Pieri, Philippe, Parker, Amber, de Rességuier, Laure, Ollat, Nathalie
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Adaptation Agricultural production Climate change Climatic conditions Cultivars Drought Drought resistance Dryland farming Environmental impact Environmental Sciences Harvest Leaf area Life Sciences modeling Moisture content Nitrogen Northern Hemisphere Phenology plant material Production costs Pruning Rain rootstock Rootstocks Row spacing Soil water Sustainable yield temperature Temperature effects training system Trends Vegetal Biology Vines Vineyards Viticulture Water availability Water resources Wines
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Summary:	Climate change will impose increasingly warm and dry conditions on vineyards. Wine quality and yield are strongly influenced by climatic conditions and depend on complex interactions between temperatures, water availability, plant material, and viticultural techniques. In established winegrowing regions, growers have optimized yield and quality by choosing plant material and viticultural techniques according to local climatic conditions, but as the climate changes, these will need to be adjusted. Adaptations to higher temperatures include changing plant material (e.g., rootstocks, cultivars and clones) and modifying viticultural techniques (e.g., changing trunk height, leaf area to fruit weight ratio, timing of pruning) such that harvest dates are maintained in the optimal period at the end of September or early October in the Northern Hemisphere. Vineyards can be made more resilient to drought by planting drought resistant plant material, modifying training systems (e.g., goblet bush vines, or trellised vineyards at wider row spacing), or selecting soils with greater soil water holding capacity. While most vineyards in Europe are currently dry-farmed, irrigation may also be an option to grow sustainable yields under increasingly dry conditions but consideration must be given to associated impacts on water resources and the environment.
ISSN:	2073-4395 2073-4395