Effects of Inhibitory Compounds Present in Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysates on the Growth of Bacillus subtilis

This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of inhibitory compounds formed during pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass on the growth of Bacillus subtilis. Ten inhibitory compounds commonly present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates were evaluated, which included sugar degradation produc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Energies (Basel) 2021-12, Vol.14 (24), p.8419
Main Authors:	van der Maas, Lucas, Driessen, Jasper L. S. P., Mussatto, Solange I.
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Acetic acid Acids Bacillus subtilis Benzoic acid Biodegradation Biomass cell growth Cellulose Complex media Costs Coumaric acid Culture media Degradation products Design of experiments Enzymes Experimental design Experiments Fermentation Ferulic acid Furfural hydrolysate Hydrolysates Hydroxymethylfurfural Inhibitors Lignin Lignocellulose lignocellulosic biomass Microorganisms p-Coumaric acid p-Hydroxybenzoic acid Phenols Raw materials Regression analysis Statistical analysis Sustainable development Syringaldehyde Vanillic acid Vanillin
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Summary:	This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of inhibitory compounds formed during pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass on the growth of Bacillus subtilis. Ten inhibitory compounds commonly present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates were evaluated, which included sugar degradation products (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural), acetic acid, and seven phenolic compounds derived from lignin (benzoic acid, vanillin, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and syringaldehyde). For the individual inhibitors, syringaldehyde showed the most toxic effect, completely inhibiting the strain growth at 0.1 g/L. In the sequence, assays using mixtures of the inhibitory compounds at a concentration of 12.5% of their IC50 value were performed to evaluate the combined effect of the inhibitors on the strain growth. These experiments were planned according to a Plackett–Burman experimental design. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that in a mixture, benzoic acid and furfural were the most potent inhibitors affecting the growth of B. subtilis. These results contribute to a better understanding of the individual and combined effects of inhibitory compounds present in biomass hydrolysates on the microbial performance of B. subtilis. Such knowledge is important to advance the development of sustainable biomanufacturing processes using this strain cultivated in complex media produced from lignocellulosic biomass, supporting the development of efficient bio-based processes using B. subtilis.
ISSN:	1996-1073 1996-1073