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Genetic polymorphisms associated with the development and clinical course of multiple sclerosis (Review)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by areas of inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage. The etiology of MS is multifactorial with an interaction between genetic, environmental and geographical factors. The objective of this study was to review the physiopathology an...
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| Published in: | International journal of molecular medicine 2011-10, Vol.28 (4), p.467-479 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Citations: | Items that cite this one |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by areas
of inflammation, demyelination and axonal damage. The etiology of MS is multifactorial
with an interaction between genetic, environmental and geographical factors. The
objective of this study was to review the physiopathology and the genetic polymorphisms
associated with the development and clinical course of MS. Studies carried out
in populations worldwide showed that polymorphisms in the genes of the major histocompatibility
complex (MHC) class II and class III have been associated with susceptibility,
resistance and clinical forms of MS. Considerable attention has been focused on
studies evaluating disease-modifying effects in MS that identified seven genes
of probable importance such as the HLA class II, ApoE, IL-1ra, IL-1β, TNF-α, TNF-β
and CCR5 genes. However, the results described in the literature about genetic
biomarkers in MS are not consistent in the worldwide population. The detection
of a single nucleotide polymorphism involved in the etiology and physiopathology
of MS is very difficult and, it is likely that, several genetic polymorphisms
are involved, each with a small contribution to the susceptibility or resistance
to MS. Taken together the results show the need for continued research in genetically
heterogeneous populations to identify new biomarkers associated with MS that could
be used as prognostic markers or as therapeutic targets to modulate the autoimmune
response in MS patients. This information may contribute to a better understanding
of the physiopathology and treatment of MS, with the possibility of developing
different therapeutic strategies according to the genetic profile of each individual. |
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| ISSN: | 1107-3756 1791-244X |
| DOI: | 10.3892/ijmm.2011.731 |