SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large-scale Structures with Protoclusters over 200 Mpc at z ∼ 6-7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies

We have obtained three-dimensional maps of the universe in ∼200 × 200 × 80 comoving Mpc3 (cMpc3) volumes each at z = 5.7 and 6.6 based on a spectroscopic sample of 179 galaxies that achieves 80% completeness down to the Ly luminosity of , based on our Keck and Gemini observations and the literature....

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Published in:	The Astrophysical journal 2019-10, Vol.883 (2), p.142
Main Authors:	Harikane, Yuichi, Ouchi, Masami, Ono, Yoshiaki, Fujimoto, Seiji, Donevski, Darko, Shibuya, Takatoshi, Faisst, Andreas L., Goto, Tomotsugu, Hatsukade, Bunyo, Kashikawa, Nobunari, Kohno, Kotaro, Hashimoto, Takuya, Higuchi, Ryo, Inoue, Akio K., Lin, Yen-Ting, Martin, Crystal L., Overzier, Roderik, Smail, Ian, Toshikawa, Jun, Umehata, Hideki, Ao, Yiping, Chapman, Scott, Clements, David L., Im, Myungshin, Jing, Yipeng, Kawaguchi, Toshihiro, Lee, Chien-Hsiu, Lee, Minju M., Lin, Lihwai, Matsuoka, Yoshiki, Marinello, Murilo, Nagao, Tohru, Onodera, Masato, Toft, Sune, Wang, Wei-Hao
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Astrophysics Computer simulation Cosmic dust Galactic evolution Galaxies galaxies: evolution galaxies: formation galaxies: high-redshift Luminosity Numerical simulations Red shift Sciences of the Universe Spatial distribution Spectroscopy Star & galaxy formation Star formation Stars & galaxies
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Summary:	We have obtained three-dimensional maps of the universe in ∼200 × 200 × 80 comoving Mpc3 (cMpc3) volumes each at z = 5.7 and 6.6 based on a spectroscopic sample of 179 galaxies that achieves 80% completeness down to the Ly luminosity of , based on our Keck and Gemini observations and the literature. The maps reveal filamentary large-scale structures and two remarkable overdensities made out of at least 44 and 12 galaxies at z = 5.692 (z57OD) and z = 6.585 (z66OD), respectively, making z66OD the most distant overdensity spectroscopically confirmed to date, with >10 spectroscopically confirmed galaxies. We compare spatial distributions of submillimeter galaxies at z 4-6 with our z = 5.7 galaxies forming the large-scale structures, and detect a 99.97% signal of cross-correlation, indicative of a clear coincidence of dusty star-forming galaxy and dust-unobscured galaxy formation at this early epoch. The galaxies in z57OD and z66OD are actively forming stars with star-formation rates (SFRs) 5 times higher than the main sequence, and particularly the SFR density in z57OD is 10 times higher than the cosmic average at the redshift (a.k.a. the Madau-Lilly plot). Comparisons with numerical simulations suggest that z57OD and z66OD are protoclusters that are progenitors of the present-day clusters with halo masses of ∼1014 M .
ISSN:	0004-637X 1538-4357