Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic, and antioxidant activity of Syzygium densiflorum fruits in streptozotocin and nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats

Context Syzygium densiflorum Wall. ex Wight & Arn (Myrtaceae) has been traditionally used by local tribes of the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India, for the treatment of diabetes, however, no definitive experimental studies are available. Objective This study investigates the antidiabetic, antihyperlip...

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Published in:Pharmaceutical biology 2016-09, Vol.54 (9), p.1716-1726
Main Authors: Krishnasamy, Gopinath, Muthusamy, Karthikeyan, Chellappan, David Raj, Subbiah, Nagarajan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antioxidants - isolation & purification
Antioxidants - pharmacology
Antioxidants - toxicity
Biomarkers - blood
Blood Glucose - drug effects
Blood Glucose - metabolism
blood glucose level
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
diabetes induction
diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - blood
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - chemically induced
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - pathology
Female
Fruit
Glucose Tolerance Test
Glyburide - pharmacology
Glycogen - metabolism
Hypoglycemic Agents - isolation & purification
Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology
Hypoglycemic Agents - toxicity
Hypolipidemic Agents - isolation & purification
Hypolipidemic Agents - pharmacology
Hypolipidemic Agents - toxicity
Insulin-Secreting Cells - drug effects
Insulin-Secreting Cells - metabolism
Insulin-Secreting Cells - pathology
Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects
Lipids - blood
Liver - drug effects
Liver - metabolism
Liver - pathology
Male
medicinal plant
Niacinamide
Oxidative Stress - drug effects
Phytotherapy
Plant Extracts - isolation & purification
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
Plant Extracts - toxicity
Plants, Medicinal
Rats, Wistar
Regeneration - drug effects
Streptozocin
Syzygium - chemistry
β-Cell restoration
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Summary:Context Syzygium densiflorum Wall. ex Wight & Arn (Myrtaceae) has been traditionally used by local tribes of the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India, for the treatment of diabetes, however, no definitive experimental studies are available. Objective This study investigates the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of S. densiflorum (EFSD) fruits in streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods Acute oral toxicity and oral glucose tolerance were assessed in normal rats. The antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant activities were investigated in STZ − NA-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were orally administered with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg b.wt), EFSD (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg b.wt) for 28 d. Further, changes in the blood glucose level (BGL), biochemical parameters, antioxidants were observed and histology of pancreas was performed. Results No toxicity and lethality were observed. Results of the following parameters are represented by treated versus disease control (STZ + NA) groups. BGL (161.33 ± 22.8 versus 476.17 ± 56.58 mg/dl), glycosylated haemoglobin (5.285 ± 0.19 versus 8.05 ± 0.55%), urea (40.32 ± 1.96 versus 75.37 ± 2.91 mg/dl), uric acid (1.2 ± 0.07 versus 2.16 ± 0.05 mg/dl), total cholesterol (89.3 ± 5.14 versus 139.7 ± 5.95 mg/dl) and triglycerides (79.65 ± 2.52 versus 108.9 ± 3.61 mg/dl) were significantly decreased, whereas haemoglobin (11.75 ± 0.73 versus 7.95 ± 0.42 g/dl), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (14.2 ± 1.11 versus 6.97 ± 0.84 mg/dl), total protein (45%) and liver glycogen (87%) were significantly increased in EFSD-treated diabetic group. Significant changes were observed in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in EFSD-treated groups (p 
ISSN:1388-0209
1744-5116
DOI:10.3109/13880209.2015.1125932