Population Study in the High Natural Background Radiation Area in Kerala, India

A comprehensive survey of the population exposed to high-level natural radiation is presented. The population living in Karunagappally taluk in Kerala, India, presents a unique opportunity for studies on the health effects of chronic exposure to low-level radiation. The environmental radiation emana...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Radiation research 1999-12, Vol.152 (6), p.S145-S148
Main Authors: Nair, M. Krishnan, Nambi, K. S. V., Amma, N. Sreedevi, Gangadharan, P., Jayalekshmi, P., Jayadevan, S., Cherian, Varghese, Reghuram, K. Nair
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding
Background radiation
Biological and medical sciences
Cancer incidence
Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
Environment. Living conditions
Female
Houses
Humans
Incidence
India - epidemiology
Lifestyle
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Mortality
Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - epidemiology
Physical agents
Population studies
Public health. Hygiene
Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine
Radiation measurement
Scintillation counters
Smoking - adverse effects
Soil Pollutants, Radioactive - adverse effects
Thorium
Tobacco smoking
Tumors
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Summary:A comprehensive survey of the population exposed to high-level natural radiation is presented. The population living in Karunagappally taluk in Kerala, India, presents a unique opportunity for studies on the health effects of chronic exposure to low-level radiation. The environmental radiation emanates largely from the thorium deposited mostly along coastal areas. In certain locations on the coast, it is as high as 70 mGy/year and on average is 7.5 times the level seen in interior areas. Using portable scintillometers, radiation levels in more than 66,306 houses were measured; outside levels were also measured in the same house compound. Of the total population of 400,000, 100,000 lived in areas with high natural radiation. Information on lifestyle, socio-demographic features, occupation, housing, residence history, and tobacco and alcohol use was obtained by house-to-house visits and enumeration of every resident individual. A population cancer registry system has been established to obtain cancer incidence rates. In this preliminary analysis, there is no evidence that cancer occurrence is consistently higher because of the levels of external γ-radiation exposure in the area. Further dosimetry-level studies are needed along with biological studies. Studies of soil, thoron-in-breath, and the radon-thoron levels in houses are ongoing, and further case-control analyses are continuing.
ISSN:0033-7587
1938-5404
DOI:10.2307/3580134