Environmental factors associated with seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. infection in stray and shelter dogs in the Caatinga biome

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that must be studied on the One Health point of view. It is possible that there are particularities in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Caatinga biome, where the environment is often unfavorable and challenges the adaptability of Leptospira spp. Overall, 100 d...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ciência rural 2025, Vol.55 (1)
Main Authors: Severo, Maylson Andrade, Henrique, Clécio Limeira, Araújo, Sabrinna de Sales, Portela, Roseane de Araújo, Magalhães, Nathália Maria de Andrade, Rocha, Karla Nayalle de Souza, Alves, Clebert José, Santos, Carolina de Sousa Américo Batista, Azevedo, Sérgio Santos de
Format: Article
Language:English
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that must be studied on the One Health point of view. It is possible that there are particularities in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in Caatinga biome, where the environment is often unfavorable and challenges the adaptability of Leptospira spp. Overall, 100 dogs (47 shelter and 53 stray dogs) selected based on sampling calculation were used to evaluate the Leptospira spp. seroprevalence and associated factors. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was applied to detect anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies (cut-off titer 50). Risk factors were identified using the robust Poisson regression analysis. Twenty-four animals (24%; 95% CI = 15.6% - 32.4%) were seroreactive, antibody titers ranged from 50 to 200, and the reacting serogroups were Ballum (17%), Autumnalis (6%) and Djasiman (1%). The factors/categories associated with seropositivity were the environment where the animal stay/soil (prevalence ratio [PR] = 6.03; 95% CI for PR: 1.86 - 7.69; P < 0.001) and access to polluted water/yes (PR = 3.79; 95% CI for PR: 1.85 - 24.22; P = 0.011). The results suggested leptospirosis as a concern in the One Health context in stray and shelter dogs from the Caatinga biome despite the adverse conditions of this biome for the survive of Leptospira spp. on the environment. Moreover, despite being social and government issues, factors such as environment where the animal stay (soil) and access to polluted water must be carefully deemed and corrected to avoid the transmission of leptospires to animals and humans. RESUMO: A leptospirose é uma doença zoonótica que deve ser estudada sob o ponto de vista da Saúde Única. É possível que existam particularidades na epidemiologia da leptospirose no bioma Caatinga, onde o ambiente é muitas vezes desfavorável e desafia a adaptabilidade de Leptospira spp. No total, 100 cães (47 de abrigos e 53 errantes) selecionados com base em cálculo amostral foram utilizados para avaliar a soroprevalência de Leptospira spp. e os fatores associados. O teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) foi aplicado para detetar anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. (título 50 como ponto de corte). Os fatores de risco foram identificados utilizando a análise de regressão de Poisson robusta. Vinte e quatro animais (24%; IC 95% = 15,6% - 32,4%) foram soropositivos, os títulos de anticorpos variaram de 50 a 200, e os serogrupos reagentes foram Ballum (17%), Autumnalis (6%) e Djasiman (1%). Os fatores/categorias associados à ser
ISSN:0103-8478
1678-4596
DOI:10.1590/0103-8478cr20240101