Ice-age survival of Atlantic cod: agreement between palaeoecology models and genetics

Scant scientific attention has been given to the abundance and distribution of marine biota in the face of the lower sea level, and steeper latitudinal gradient in climate, during the ice-age conditions that have dominated the past million years. Here we examine the glacial persistence of Atlantic c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences Biological sciences, 2008-01, Vol.275 (1631), p.163-173
Main Authors: Bigg, Grant R, Cunningham, Clifford W, Ottersen, Geir, Pogson, Grant H, Wadley, Martin R, Williamson, Phillip
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alleles
Animals
Atlantic Ocean
Climate
Climate models
Cod
Cytochromes b - chemistry
Cytochromes b - genetics
DNA sequence
DNA, Mitochondrial - chemistry
DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics
Ecological-Niche-Modelling
Ecophysiology
Ecosystem
Evolutionary genetics
Gadus morhua
Gadus morhua - genetics
Gadus morhua - growth & development
Genetic loci
Genetic Variation
Glacial
Haplotypes
Marine
Modeling
Models, Biological
Oceans
Phylogeny
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Population estimates
Population genetics
Population growth
Ribosomal Proteins - chemistry
Ribosomal Proteins - genetics
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Summary:Scant scientific attention has been given to the abundance and distribution of marine biota in the face of the lower sea level, and steeper latitudinal gradient in climate, during the ice-age conditions that have dominated the past million years. Here we examine the glacial persistence of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) populations using two ecological-niche-models (ENM) and the first broad synthesis of multi-locus gene sequence data for this species. One ENM uses a maximum entropy approach (Maxent); the other is a new ENM for Atlantic cod, using ecophysiological parameters based on observed reproductive events rather than adult distribution. Both the ENMs were tested for present-day conditions, then used to hindcast ranges at the last glacial maximum (LGM) ca 21 kyr ago, employing climate model data. Although the LGM range of Atlantic cod was much smaller, and fragmented, both the ENMs agreed that populations should have been able to persist in suitable habitat on both sides of the Atlantic. The genetic results showed a degree of trans-Atlantic divergence consistent with genealogically continuous populations on both sides of the North Atlantic since long before the LGM, confirming the ENM results. In contrast, both the ENMs and the genetic data suggest that the Greenland G. morhua population post-dates the LGM.
ISSN:0962-8452
1471-2954
DOI:10.1098/rspb.2007.1153