Variation in chemical composition and physical characteristics of cereal grains from different genotypes

Genotypes of cereal grains, including winter barley (n = 21), maize (n = 27), oats (n = 14), winter rye (n = 22), winter triticale (n = 21) and winter wheat (n = 29), were assayed for their chemical composition and physical characteristics as part of the collaborative research project referred to as...

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Published in:Archives of animal nutrition 2016-03, Vol.70 (2), p.87-107
Main Authors: Rodehutscord, Markus, Rückert, Christine, Maurer, Hans Peter, Schenkel, Hans, Schipprack, Wolfgang, Bach Knudsen, Knud Erik, Schollenberger, Margit, Laux, Meike, Eklund, Meike, Siegert, Wolfgang, Mosenthin, Rainer
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
6-Phytase - chemistry
6-Phytase - metabolism
Amino acids
animals
arsenic
biochemical polymorphism
cadmium
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrates - chemistry
cereal grains
cooperative research
copper
corn
detection limit
digestibility
Edible Grain - chemistry
Edible Grain - genetics
energy
energy content
falling number
feed evaluation
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - physiology
Genotype
inositol phosphates
Inositol Phosphates - chemistry
Inositol Phosphates - metabolism
inositols
iron
lead
lipid content
lysine
manganese
minerals
Minerals - chemistry
Minerals - metabolism
nutrient content
nutrients
oats
phytase
phytases
Plant Proteins - chemistry
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
proximate nutrients
rye
Seeds
triticale
viscoelasticity
winter barley
winter wheat
zinc
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Summary:Genotypes of cereal grains, including winter barley (n = 21), maize (n = 27), oats (n = 14), winter rye (n = 22), winter triticale (n = 21) and winter wheat (n = 29), were assayed for their chemical composition and physical characteristics as part of the collaborative research project referred to as GrainUp. Genotypes of one grain species were grown on the same site, except maize. In general, concentrations of proximate nutrients were not largely different from feed tables. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the ether extract concentration of maize was high because the data pool comprised speciality maize bred for its high oil content. A subset of 8 barley, 20 rye, 20 triticale and 20 wheat samples was analysed to differ significantly in several carbohydrate fractions. Gross energy concentration of cereal grains could be predicted from proximate nutrient concentration with good accuracy. The mean lysine concentration of protein was the highest in oats (4.2 g/16 g N) and the lowest in wheat (2.7 g/16 g N). Significant differences were also detected in the concentrations of macro elements as well as iron, manganese, zinc and copper. Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium and lead were below the limit of detection. The concentration of lower inositol phosphates was low, but some inositol pentaphosphates were detected in all grains. In barley, relatively high inositol tetraphosphate concentration also was found. Intrinsic phytase activity was the highest in rye, followed by triticale, wheat, barley and maize, and it was not detectable in oats. Substantial differences were seen in the thousand seed weight, test weight, falling number and extract viscoelasticity characteristics. The study is a comprehensive overview of the composition of different cereal grain genotypes when grown on the same location. The relevance of the variation in composition for digestibility in different animal species will be subject of other communications.
ISSN:1477-2817
1745-039X
1477-2817
DOI:10.1080/1745039X.2015.1133111