The representation of smoking expectancies by single-word adjectives and their relationship to smoking characteristics

A pool of single-word adjectives representing smoking outcome expectancies was derived and tested in two studies. In Study One, smoking-related words were generated and then clustered together to form 39 categories representing smoking expectancy nodes. Analysis of the number of times words in each...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nicotine & tobacco research 2003-10, Vol.5 (5), p.681-694
Main Authors: Mullennix, John W., Kilbey, M. Marlyne, Fisicaro, Sebastiano A., Farnsworth, Lynn M., Torrento, Rosemarie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addictive behaviors
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Affect
Biological and medical sciences
Endpoint Determination
Female
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Perception
Principal Component Analysis
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Semantics
Smoking - adverse effects
Smoking - psychology
Tobacco smoking
Tobacco Use Disorder - psychology
Treatment Outcome
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Summary:A pool of single-word adjectives representing smoking outcome expectancies was derived and tested in two studies. In Study One, smoking-related words were generated and then clustered together to form 39 categories representing smoking expectancy nodes. Analysis of the number of times words in each category were generated indicated that expectancies varied as a function of smoking status (measured at two levels: Ever smoked daily vs. never smoked daily), smoking history (current vs. past smoker), and dependence (nondependent vs. dependent). In Study Two, participants rated the words in terms of expectations of smoking outcomes. A principal components analysis of the ratings indicated that three components accounted for 74.10% of the variance in participants' ratings: Component 1 (adverse effects), 30.92%; component 2 (positive image), 28.08%; and component 3 (positive mood), 15.09%. Further analyses revealed that ratings of words comprising the three components differed as a function of smoking status (measured at three levels: Never smoked daily, daily nondependent smoker, daily dependent smoker), with dependent smokers rating the outcomes associated with all three components as occurring more frequently when they smoked compared with nondependent smokers or those who never smoked daily. The results suggest that the single-word adjectives are appropriate for use in research investigating smoking outcome expectancies.
ISSN:1462-2203
1469-994X
DOI:10.1080/1462220031000158654