Development of methods based on low-temperature partitioning (LTP) for monitoring cresols and chlorophenols in sewage sludge, soil, and water in column leaching

Cresols and chlorophenols are chemical contaminants that are potentially toxic to humans and can be found in sewage sludge. These chemical contaminants can migrate into the sludge-soil-water system when sludge is used as a conditioner for agricultural soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of environmental science and health. Part B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes, 2023, Vol.58 (7), p.530-538
Main Authors: Araújo, Flávia D., Silva, Gleison L. O., Silvério, Flaviano O., Pinho, Gevany P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Agricultural land
Biodegradation
Chemical contaminants
Chemical pollution
Chlorophenol
chlorophenols
Chlorophenols - analysis
Contaminants
Cresols
Cresols - analysis
Gas chromatography
Humans
Leaching
leaching study
Low temperature
low-temperature partitioning extraction
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Microorganisms
Moisture content
Monitoring
Partitioning
Sewage - analysis
Sewage sludge
Sludge
sludge-soil-water system
Soil - chemistry
Soil conditions
Soil contamination
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Soil temperature
Soil water
Soils
Temperature
Trichlorophenol
Trichlorophenols
Water analysis
Water sampling
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Summary:Cresols and chlorophenols are chemical contaminants that are potentially toxic to humans and can be found in sewage sludge. These chemical contaminants can migrate into the sludge-soil-water system when sludge is used as a conditioner for agricultural soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop methodologies based on extraction with low-temperature partitioning (LTP) to determine cresols and chlorophenols in sewage sludge, soil, and water. The analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The validated methods were applied to monitor cresols and chlorophenols in a column-leaching study of a sludge-soil-water system. Satisfactory results were achieved for selectivity, limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, accuracy, and precision. In the column leaching study, only 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was quantified in sludge samples after 20 days of the experiment. None of the studied compounds were quantified in soil and leached water samples, due to the degradation promoted by the microorganisms present in the sewage sludge. Finally, validated methods were suitable for monitoring cresols and chlorophenols in the sludge-soil-water system.
ISSN:0360-1234
1532-4109
DOI:10.1080/03601234.2023.2236915