Tracking Footprints of Artificial Selection in the Dog Genome

The size, shape, and behavior of the modern domesticated dog has been sculpted by artificial selection for at least 14,000 years. The genetic substrates of selective breeding, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we describe a genome-wide scan for selection in 275 dogs from 10 phenotypically diver...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2010-01, Vol.107 (3), p.1160-1165
Main Authors: Akey, Joshua M., Ruhe, Alison L., Akey, Dayna T., Wong, Aaron K., Connelly, Caitlin F., Madeoy, Jennifer, Nicholas, Thomas J., Neff, Mark W., Rine, Jasper
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal genetics
Animals
Artificial selection
Biological Sciences
Breeding of animals
Canines
Dogs
Dogs - genetics
Genetic loci
Genetic variation
Genome
Genomes
Genomics
Genotype & phenotype
Phenotype
Phenotypes
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Selection
Selection, Genetic
Signatures
Species Specificity
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Summary:The size, shape, and behavior of the modern domesticated dog has been sculpted by artificial selection for at least 14,000 years. The genetic substrates of selective breeding, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we describe a genome-wide scan for selection in 275 dogs from 10 phenotypically diverse breeds that were genotyped for over 21,000 autosomal SNPs. We identified 155 genomic regions that possess strong signatures of recent selection and contain candidate genes for phenotypes that vary most conspicuously among breeds, including size, coat color and texture, behavior, skeletal morphology, and physiology. In addition, we demonstrate a significant association between HAS2 and skin wrinkling in the Shar-Pei, and provide evidence that regulatory evolution has played a prominent role in the phenotypic diversification of modern dog breeds. Our results provide a first-generation map of selection in the dog, illustrate how such maps can rapidly inform the genetic basis of canine phenotypic variation, and provide a framework for delineating the mechanistic basis of how artificial selection promotes rapid and pronounced phenotypic evolution.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0909918107