Mode gaps in the refractive index properties of low-dose ion-implanted LiNbO3 waveguides

Data are presented for the refractive index profiles for low-dose He+ ion-implanted LiNbO3 waveguides. In the nuclear stopping region, the extraordinary index is increased for low ion doses, by contrast with index reduction normally associated with ion-implanted waveguiding structures. The index inc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied physics 2000-04, Vol.87 (7), p.3199-3202
Main Authors: Rams, J., Olivares, J., Chandler, P. J., Townsend , P. D.
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Data are presented for the refractive index profiles for low-dose He+ ion-implanted LiNbO3 waveguides. In the nuclear stopping region, the extraordinary index is increased for low ion doses, by contrast with index reduction normally associated with ion-implanted waveguiding structures. The index increase was confirmed by fabricating a buried waveguide for the extraordinary index by use of multi-energy implants. For single-energy implants, data are shown which map the extraordinary index at the surface together with that in the nuclear collision zone, as a function of angle relative to the z axis of light propagation in surface waveguides for X and Y cut LiNbO3. These indices cross over near 45°, which results in a mode gap for which waveguide modes are not supported. A mechanism for this behavior is discussed based on defect-induced lattice relaxation. The phenomenon of a controlled mode gap may have applicability for optoelectronic and nonlinear materials and devices.
ISSN:0021-8979
1089-7550
DOI:10.1063/1.372325