Characterization of ion implanted waveguides in Nd : YAG

Ion implantation into Nd:YAG has been used to produce waveguides which are capable of supporting laser action. The refractive index profiles have been characterized as a function of ion dose and energy, implant temperature, and subsequent thermal annealing. Transmission losses down to 1.2 dB/cm have...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of applied physics 1991-03, Vol.69 (6), p.3440-3446
Main Authors: ZHANG, L, CHANDLER, P. J, TOWNSEND, P. D, FIELD, S. J, HANNA, D. C, SHEPHERD, D. P, TROPPER, A. C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Doped-insulator lasers and other solid state lasers
Exact sciences and technology
Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)
Lasers
Optics
Physics
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Summary:Ion implantation into Nd:YAG has been used to produce waveguides which are capable of supporting laser action. The refractive index profiles have been characterized as a function of ion dose and energy, implant temperature, and subsequent thermal annealing. Transmission losses down to 1.2 dB/cm have been obtained in the optimized waveguides. There is a temperature independent index enhancement of ∼0.15% in the electronic stopping (guiding) region. The nuclear collision damage is temperature dependent, and shows an initial index increase (∼0.3% for dose 1 × 1016 ions/cm2), but a subsequent decrease of up to several percent, which forms an optical barrier, as has been observed in many other crystalline materials. The best mode confinement and attenuation is obtained by utilizing the low dose nuclear index enhancement produced by several equally spaced implants (multiple energy) to give a broad well with Δn∼0.25%. Several unusual features of the profiles are reported and discussed.
ISSN:0021-8979
1089-7550
DOI:10.1063/1.348962