Controlling metal oxide nanoparticle size and shape with supercritical fluid synthesis

Metal oxide nanoparticles are emerging as important contributors in a variety of applications including water treatment, catalytic transformations, and energy generation and storage, among others. Controlling size and shape is of significant interest in the nanotechnology community as these are crit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC 2019, Vol.21 (14), p.3769-3781
Main Authors: Lane, Mary Kate Mitchell, Zimmerman, Julie B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carbon dioxide
Catalysis
Decision trees
Energy storage
Ethanol
Green chemistry
Life cycles
Magnetic properties
Metal oxides
Metals
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Shape control
Solvents
Supercritical fluids
Synthesis
Water treatment
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Summary:Metal oxide nanoparticles are emerging as important contributors in a variety of applications including water treatment, catalytic transformations, and energy generation and storage, among others. Controlling size and shape is of significant interest in the nanotechnology community as these are critical in determining nanoparticle performance, impacting properties such as reactivity, conductivity, and magnetic behavior. In addition to employing green solvents, supercritical fluid nanoparticle synthesis is a robust and facile method to meet the need to control size and shape for a variety of metal oxide nanoparticles. Supercritical water, supercritical ethanol, and supercritical carbon dioxide solvent systems offer tunable properties that allow for control of nanoparticle size and shape. This review investigates the synthesis routes, the mechanisms for size and shape control, and unique characteristics particular to each green solvent. Finally, a decision tree is developed to facilitate synthetic route design for the intended nano metal oxide composition, size, and shape that highlights the need for consideration of energy and life cycle impacts. Supercritical fluid nanoparticle synthesis (SCF nano synthesis) can robustly and readily control size and shape of metal oxide nanoparticles, while offering a potentially greener synthetic route through the employment of green solvents.
ISSN:1463-9262
1463-9270
DOI:10.1039/c9gc01619h