Using multi-material fused deposition modeling (FDM) for one-step 3D printing of microfluidic capillary electrophoresis with integrated electrodes for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

Using multi-material fused deposition modeling (FDM) for one-step 3D printing of microfluidic capillary electrophoresis with integrated electrodes for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

For the first time, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing method was used to fabricate a microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) with channel dimensions (58 × 65 µm) below 100 µm. Moreover, electrodes to conduct capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) were integrate...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Chemical, 2022-08, Vol.365, p.131959, Article 131959
Main Authors: Quero, Reverson Fernandes, Costa, Brenda Maria de Castro, da Silva, José Alberto Fracassi, de Jesus, Dosil Pereira
Format: Article
Language:eng
Subjects:
3-D printers
Capillary electrophoresis
Carbon
Carbon black
Conductive filament
Copper
Deposition
Design optimization
Electrodes
Electrophoresis
Filaments
Fused deposition modeling
Graphene
Microfabrication
Microfluidics
Multi-material 3D printing
Rapid prototyping
Separation
Three dimensional models
Three dimensional printing
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Summary:For the first time, the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing method was used to fabricate a microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) with channel dimensions (58 × 65 µm) below 100 µm. Moreover, electrodes to conduct capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) were integrated into the MCE using three conductive thermoplastic filaments containing graphene, carbon black, and copper. After optimizing the parameters for multi-material printing, the MCE-C4D device was fabricated in a single (one step) 3D printing process using an FDM 3D printer equipped with two extrusion nozzles. An optimization design method allowed finding that the distance (gap) between the electrodes of around 1 mm provided the maximum response of the C4D. The optimized frequency of the excitation signal applied in the C4D electrodes depended on the composition of the conductive filament used to print the electrodes. The optimized frequencies for the electrodes printed with thermoplastic polymers containing copper and carbon black were 268 and 384 kHz, respectively. The MCE-C4D successfully separated and detected a mixture of K+, Na+, and Li+ with good resolution, efficiency, precision, linearity, and limits of detections (LOD) of 10.2, 11.6, and 14.1 µmol L-1, respectively. [Display omitted] •Microfluidic devices for capillary electrophoresis fabricated with FDM 3D printing.•Capillary electrophoresis separations were achieved in the FDM 3D printed microchannel.•FDM 3D printing allowed multi-material printing to integrate electrodes for detection.
ISSN:0925-4005
1873-3077