Spatial variation of mercury bioaccumulation in bats of Canada linked to atmospheric mercury deposition

Wildlife are exposed to neurotoxic mercury at locations distant from anthropogenic emission sources because of long-range atmospheric transport of this metal. In this study, mercury bioaccumulation in insectivorous bat species (Mammalia: Chiroptera) was investigated on a broad geographic scale in Ca...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The Science of the total environment 2018-06, Vol.626, p.668-677
Main Authors:	Chételat, John, Hickey, M. Brian C., Poulain, Alexandre J., Dastoor, Ashu, Ryjkov, Andrei, McAlpine, Donald, Vanderwolf, Karen, Jung, Thomas S., Hale, Lesley, Cooke, Emma L.L., Hobson, Dave, Jonasson, Kristin, Kaupas, Laura, McCarthy, Sara, McClelland, Christine, Morningstar, Derek, Norquay, Kaleigh J.O., Novy, Richard, Player, Delanie, Redford, Tony, Simard, Anouk, Stamler, Samantha, Webber, Quinn M.R., Yumvihoze, Emmanuel, Zanuttig, Michelle
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Air Pollutants - metabolism Animal Fur - chemistry Animals Bioaccumulation Brain Canada Chiroptera Environmental Monitoring Female Fur Little brown bat Male Mercury - metabolism Methylmercury Compounds - metabolism Spatial Analysis
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Summary:	Wildlife are exposed to neurotoxic mercury at locations distant from anthropogenic emission sources because of long-range atmospheric transport of this metal. In this study, mercury bioaccumulation in insectivorous bat species (Mammalia: Chiroptera) was investigated on a broad geographic scale in Canada. Fur was analyzed (n=1178) for total mercury from 43 locations spanning 20° latitude and 77° longitude. Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in fur were positively correlated with concentrations in internal tissues (brain, liver, kidney) for a small subset (n=21) of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), validating the use of fur to indicate internal mercury exposure. Brain methylmercury concentrations were approximately 10% of total mercury concentrations in fur. Three bat species were mainly collected (little brown bats, big brown bats, and northern long-eared bats [M. septentrionalis]), with little brown bats having lower total mercury concentrations in their fur than the other two species at sites where both species were sampled. On average, juvenile bats had lower total mercury concentrations than adults but no differences were found between males and females of a species. Combining our dataset with previously published data for eastern Canada, median total mercury concentrations in fur of little brown bats ranged from 0.88–12.78μg/g among 11 provinces and territories. Highest concentrations were found in eastern Canada where bats are most endangered from introduced disease. Model estimates of atmospheric mercury deposition indicated that eastern Canada was exposed to greater mercury deposition than central and western sites. Further, mean total mercury concentrations in fur of adult little brown bats were positively correlated with site-specific estimates of atmospheric mercury deposition. This study provides the largest geographic coverage of mercury measurements in bats to date and indicates that atmospheric mercury deposition is important in determining spatial patterns of mercury accumulation in a mammalian species. [Display omitted] •Mercury in bat fur was related to concentrations in brain, liver, and kidney.•Bat species differed in their fur mercury concentrations.•Fur mercury was higher in adult than juvenile bats, but not related to sex.•Mercury in fur of adult little brown bats was higher in eastern Canada.•Atmospheric deposition explained geographic variation of mercury in bats.
ISSN:	0048-9697 1879-1026