Citrulline reduces glyceroneogenesis and induces fatty acid release in visceral adipose tissue from overweight rats

SCOPE: High‐fat diet (HFD) increases visceral adipose tissue (AT). Our aim was to evaluate whether citrulline (CIT) affected nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism in AT from HFD‐fed rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rats were fed for 8 weeks with either a control diet (CD) or HFD. Retroperitoneal AT e...

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Published in:Molecular nutrition & food research 2014-12, Vol.58 (12), p.2320-2330
Main Authors: Joffin, Nolwenn, Jaubert, Anne‐Marie, Durant, Sylvie, Bastin, Jean, De Bandt, Jean‐Pascal, Cynober, Luc, Moinard, Christophe, Coumoul, Xavier, Forest, Claude, Noirez, Philippe
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose tissue
Animals
beta oxidation
Biological and medical sciences
Citrulline
Citrulline - pharmacology
Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects
explants
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - metabolism
Feeding. Feeding behavior
free fatty acids
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Glyceroneogenesis
high fat diet
Intra-Abdominal Fat - drug effects
Intra-Abdominal Fat - metabolism
Lipogenesis - drug effects
lipolysis
Lipolysis - drug effects
Male
Medical sciences
Metabolic diseases
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester - pharmacology
nitric oxide
nitric oxide synthase
Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism
Obesity
Overweight
Overweight - metabolism
phosphorylation
Phosphorylation - drug effects
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Sterol Esterase - metabolism
Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems
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Summary:SCOPE: High‐fat diet (HFD) increases visceral adipose tissue (AT). Our aim was to evaluate whether citrulline (CIT) affected nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism in AT from HFD‐fed rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rats were fed for 8 weeks with either a control diet (CD) or HFD. Retroperitoneal AT explants were exposed to 2.5 mmol/L CIT for 24 h. We analyzed lipolysis, beta‐oxidation, glyceroneogenesis, and the expression of the key associated enzymes. CIT doubled NEFA release selectively in HFD AT. Phosphorylation of hormone‐sensitive lipase was upregulated 50 and 100% by CIT in CD and HFD AT, respectively. Under CIT, beta‐oxidation increased similarly whatever the diet, whereas glyceroneogenesis, which permits NEFA re‐esterification, was downregulated 50 and 80% in CD and HFD AT, respectively. In the latter, the important decrease in re‐esterification probably explains the rise of NEFA release. A pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N ω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester abolished CIT effects. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate direct lipolytic and antiglyceroneogenic effects of CIT on CD and HFD AT. The selective CIT‐mediated NEFA release from HFD AT was probably the consequence of the drastic decrease in glyceroneogenesis and nitric oxide was a mediator of CIT effects. These results provide evidence for a direct action of CIT on AT to reduce overweight.
ISSN:1613-4125
1613-4133
DOI:10.1002/mnfr.201400507