Voltammetric Oxidation of Drugs of Abuse II. Codeine and Metabolites

The oxidation of codeine on glassy carbon electrodes has been studied in detail using differential pulse voltammetry. The results obtained using a glassy carbon electrode clearly show a much more complex oxidation mechanism than that previously reported when platinum and gold electrodes were used. T...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Electroanalysis (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2004-09, Vol.16 (17), p.1427-1433
Main Authors: Garrido, J. M. P. J., Delerue-Matos, C., Borges, F., Macedo, T. R. A., Oliveira-Brett, A. M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
6-Chlorodesoxycodeine
Acetylcodeine
Codeine
Codeine-N-oxide
Dihydrocodeine
Drugs of abuse
Norcodeine
Oxidation
Voltammetry
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Summary:The oxidation of codeine on glassy carbon electrodes has been studied in detail using differential pulse voltammetry. The results obtained using a glassy carbon electrode clearly show a much more complex oxidation mechanism than that previously reported when platinum and gold electrodes were used. To clarify the codeine oxidative profile, several metabolites and analogues of this alkaloid, codeine N‐oxide, norcodeine, dihydrocodeine, acetylcodeine and 6‐chlorodesoxycodeine, were synthesized and studied. It was deduced that the anodic waves observed in codeine oxidation are related to the presence of methoxy, hydroxy and tertiary amine groups. Due to the similarity of potentials at which these oxidative processes take place, at some pHs an overlap of peaks occurs and only one anodic wave is observed.
ISSN:1040-0397
1521-4109
DOI:10.1002/elan.200302967