Multimodal Imaging and Soft X‐Ray Tomography of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds in Cancer Cells

Multimodal imaging promises to revolutionize the understanding of biological processes across scales in space and time by combining the strengths of multiple imaging techniques. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are biocompatible, chemically inert, provide high contrast in light‐ and electron‐based mi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biotechnology journal 2021-03, Vol.16 (3), p.e2000289-n/a
Main Authors: Reineck, Philipp, Abraham, Amanda N., Poddar, Arpita, Shukla, Ravi, Abe, Hiroshi, Ohshima, Takeshi, Gibson, Brant C., Dekiwadia, Chaitali, Conesa, José J., Pereiro, Eva, Gelmi, Amy, Bryant, Gary
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
correlative imaging
Fluorescent Dyes
fluorescent nanodiamonds
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Multimodal Imaging
Nanodiamonds
nanoparticle uptake
Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging
soft X‐ray tomography
Tomography, X-Ray
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Summary:Multimodal imaging promises to revolutionize the understanding of biological processes across scales in space and time by combining the strengths of multiple imaging techniques. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are biocompatible, chemically inert, provide high contrast in light‐ and electron‐based microscopy, and are versatile optical quantum sensors. Here it is demonstrated that FNDs also provide high absorption contrast in nanoscale 3D soft X‐ray tomograms with a resolution of 28 nm in all dimensions. Confocal fluorescence, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy images of FNDs inside and on the surface of PC3 cancer cells with sub‐micrometer precision are correlated. FNDs are found inside ≈1 µm sized vesicles present in the cytoplasm, providing direct evidence of the active uptake of bare FNDs by cancer cells. Imaging artefacts are quantified and separated from changes in cell morphology caused by sample preparation. These results demonstrate the utility of FNDs in multimodal imaging, contribute to the understanding of the fate of FNDs in cells, and open up new possibilities for biological imaging and sensing across the nano‐ and microscale. Understanding biochemical and physical processes inside cells in detail remains a scientific frontier. Multimodal imaging enables imaging and sensing across many scales in time and space. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are stable and biocompatible nanoscale sensors for temperature and magnetic fields. This study shows that FNDs are excellent tools for multimodal imaging that provide outstanding imaging contrast in many imaging modalities.
ISSN:1860-6768
1860-7314
DOI:10.1002/biot.202000289