Temporospatial Variation, Chemical Composition, and Source Resolution of PM_(2.5) in the Southeastern Taiwan Island

This study investigated the temporospatial variation, chemical composition, and source resolution of fine particles (PM_(2.5)) in the southeastern seas of the Taiwan Island. 24-hr PM_(2.5) was sampled simultaneously at two remote sites, the Green Island (West Pacific Ocean; WPO) and the Kenting Peni...

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Published in:Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2023-01, Vol.23 (1)
Main Authors: Chung-Shin Yuan, Jun-Hao Ceng, Po-Hsuan Yen, Kuan-Chen Chiang, Yu-Lun Tseng, Kwok-Wai Wong, Ming-Shiou Jeng
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:This study investigated the temporospatial variation, chemical composition, and source resolution of fine particles (PM_(2.5)) in the southeastern seas of the Taiwan Island. 24-hr PM_(2.5) was sampled simultaneously at two remote sites, the Green Island (West Pacific Ocean; WPO) and the Kenting Peninsula (northern Bashi Channel; BC), in four seasons. After sampling, the chemical fingerprints of PM_(2.5) were characterized and further applied to resolve the potential sources of PM_(2.5) and their contribution by using a receptor model on the basis of chemical mass balance (CMB), enrichment factor (EF), and backward trajectory simulation. It showed that PM_(2.5) concentrations in winter (10.8 μg m^(-3)) and spring (12.0 μg m^(-3)) (i.e., during the period of Asian Northeastern Monsoons; ANMs) were higher than those in summer (4.0 μg m^(-3)) and fall (6.6 μg m^(-3)). In terms of chemical composition of PM_(2.5), secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs = NO_3^-, SO_4^(2-), and NH_4^+) (56.7-67.2%) were the dominant component of water-soluble ions (WSIs) in PM_(2.5), while crustal elements (Mg, Al, Ca, Fe, and K) (44.0-61.2%) dominated the metallic contents in PM_(2.5). High EF values (＞ 10) showed that V, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn were potentially contributed from anthropogenic sources. Moreover, organic carbon (OC) (0.6 μg m^(-3)) was superior to elemental carbon (EC) (0.3 μg m^(-3)) in PM_(2.5). The OC/EC ratios higher than 2.0 showed the potential chemical formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the atmosphere in winter and spring. Trajectory simulation indicated that high PM_(2.5) concentrations were mostly originated from North and Central China, Japan islands, and Korea Peninsula. Major sources of PM_(2.5) resolved by CMB receptor modeling were ordered as: sea salts (19.9%) ＞ fugitive dust (19.8%) ＞ industrial boilers (oil-fired) (10.8%) ＞ secondary sulfate (9.8%) ＞ mobile sources (8.0%).
ISSN:1680-8584
DOI:10.4209/aaqr.220350