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The application of simulation to the understanding of football flight
This paper demonstrates the value of using a flight model in the analysis of the flight of a football, and explores the complexity of the model required to produce useful results. Two specific aspects of the simulation are addressed: the need to include a model of spin decay and the requirement to i...
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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Format: | Default Article |
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2012
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/2134/10036 |
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author | Simon Tuplin Martin Passmore David Rogers Andy Harland Tim Lucas Chris E. Holmes |
author_facet | Simon Tuplin Martin Passmore David Rogers Andy Harland Tim Lucas Chris E. Holmes |
author_sort | Simon Tuplin (1251120) |
collection | Figshare |
description | This paper demonstrates the value of using a flight model in the analysis of the flight of a football, and explores the complexity of the model required to produce useful results. Two specific aspects of the simulation are addressed: the need to include a model of spin decay and the requirement to include a full aerodynamic drag profile as a function of Reynolds number rather than a single indicative value. Both are aspects of the ball performance that are experimentally intensive to obtain. The simulated flights show that the inclusion of spin degradation is important if flight validation is the objective, but that it may be unnecessary in a comparative study. The simple analytical model of spin degradation is shown to overestimate the reduction in lateral deviation when compared to experimentally acquired data. Therefore, the experimental method is preferred. The analysis of the shape of the drag profile (drag coefficient against Reynolds number) is explored, and it is shown from the simulated flights that post-critical coefficients of drag have the greatest effect on trajectories, and an average drag value is sufficient for most modelled scenarios. |
format | Default Article |
id | rr-article-9227942 |
institution | Loughborough University |
publishDate | 2012 |
record_format | Figshare |
spelling | rr-article-92279422012-01-01T00:00:00Z The application of simulation to the understanding of football flight Simon Tuplin (1251120) Martin Passmore (1252104) David Rogers (210379) Andy Harland (1252917) Tim Lucas (7121672) Chris E. Holmes (7121669) Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified Football Aerodynamics Flight trajectory Spin rate Spin decay Reynolds number Mechanical Engineering not elsewhere classified This paper demonstrates the value of using a flight model in the analysis of the flight of a football, and explores the complexity of the model required to produce useful results. Two specific aspects of the simulation are addressed: the need to include a model of spin decay and the requirement to include a full aerodynamic drag profile as a function of Reynolds number rather than a single indicative value. Both are aspects of the ball performance that are experimentally intensive to obtain. The simulated flights show that the inclusion of spin degradation is important if flight validation is the objective, but that it may be unnecessary in a comparative study. The simple analytical model of spin degradation is shown to overestimate the reduction in lateral deviation when compared to experimentally acquired data. Therefore, the experimental method is preferred. The analysis of the shape of the drag profile (drag coefficient against Reynolds number) is explored, and it is shown from the simulated flights that post-critical coefficients of drag have the greatest effect on trajectories, and an average drag value is sufficient for most modelled scenarios. 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 2134/10036 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_application_of_simulation_to_the_understanding_of_football_flight/9227942 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 |
spellingShingle | Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified Football Aerodynamics Flight trajectory Spin rate Spin decay Reynolds number Mechanical Engineering not elsewhere classified Simon Tuplin Martin Passmore David Rogers Andy Harland Tim Lucas Chris E. Holmes The application of simulation to the understanding of football flight |
title | The application of simulation to the understanding of football flight |
title_full | The application of simulation to the understanding of football flight |
title_fullStr | The application of simulation to the understanding of football flight |
title_full_unstemmed | The application of simulation to the understanding of football flight |
title_short | The application of simulation to the understanding of football flight |
title_sort | application of simulation to the understanding of football flight |
topic | Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified Football Aerodynamics Flight trajectory Spin rate Spin decay Reynolds number Mechanical Engineering not elsewhere classified |
url | https://hdl.handle.net/2134/10036 |