The effect of multisensory illusions on pain and perceived burning sensations in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A proof-of-concept study

© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain disorder affecting the oral cavity. Previous work has shown promising analgesic results of bodily illusions in other chronic pain conditions. The aim of this proof-of-c...

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Main Authors:	AH Phoon Nguyen, R Balasubramaniam, V Bellan, Roger Newport, TR Stanton
Format:	Default Article
Published:	2020
Subjects:	burning mouth syndrome multisensory illusions oral burning oral dysaesthesia orofacial pain Burning Mouth Syndrome Humans Illusions Pain Pain Perception Pilot Projects Dentistry
Online Access:	https://hdl.handle.net/2134/13292378.v1
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spelling	rr-article-132923782020-06-28T00:00:00Z The effect of multisensory illusions on pain and perceived burning sensations in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A proof-of-concept study AH Phoon Nguyen (9695168) R Balasubramaniam (9695171) V Bellan (9695174) Roger Newport (4394206) TR Stanton (9695177) burning mouth syndrome multisensory illusions oral burning oral dysaesthesia orofacial pain Burning Mouth Syndrome Humans Illusions Pain Pain Perception Pilot Projects Dentistry © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain disorder affecting the oral cavity. Previous work has shown promising analgesic results of bodily illusions in other chronic pain conditions. The aim of this proof-of-concept, pilot study was to investigate whether bodily illusions reduce pain in BMS patients. Methods: Nine participants diagnosed with BMS underwent bodily illusions using a MIRAGE-mediated reality system. All participants completed four conditions and performed standardised movements of the tongue. First, a baseline condition was performed while the tongue was viewed at normal size and colour. Then, three conditions were performed in random order: resizing shrink, colour-based (blue tongue) and incongruent movement illusions. During each condition, participants rated overall pain intensity and the intensity of burning pain/sensation on the tongue. Results: There was no difference in overall pain intensity ratings between conditions. However, a significant effect of condition was found for burning pain/sensation of the tongue. The colour illusion significantly reduced burning pain compared with baseline (MD = −12.8, 95% CI −20.7 to −4.8), corresponding to an average pain reduction of 32%. Exploratory analyses showed the colour illusion also significantly reduced pain compared with the shrink illusion (MD = −11.7, 95% CI −22.2 to −1.1). Conclusion: Using visual illusions to change tongue colour to blue resulted in significant reductions in burning pain/sensations in BMS patients for the duration of the illusion. This proof-of-concept study suggests that BMS patients may benefit from bodily illusions, and supports additional research using larger samples and more comprehensive control conditions. 2020-06-28T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 2134/13292378.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_effect_of_multisensory_illusions_on_pain_and_perceived_burning_sensations_in_patients_with_Burning_Mouth_Syndrome_A_proof-of-concept_study/13292378 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
institution	Loughborough University
collection	Figshare
topic	burning mouth syndrome multisensory illusions oral burning oral dysaesthesia orofacial pain Burning Mouth Syndrome Humans Illusions Pain Pain Perception Pilot Projects Dentistry
spellingShingle	burning mouth syndrome multisensory illusions oral burning oral dysaesthesia orofacial pain Burning Mouth Syndrome Humans Illusions Pain Pain Perception Pilot Projects Dentistry AH Phoon Nguyen R Balasubramaniam V Bellan Roger Newport TR Stanton The effect of multisensory illusions on pain and perceived burning sensations in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A proof-of-concept study
description	© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain disorder affecting the oral cavity. Previous work has shown promising analgesic results of bodily illusions in other chronic pain conditions. The aim of this proof-of-concept, pilot study was to investigate whether bodily illusions reduce pain in BMS patients. Methods: Nine participants diagnosed with BMS underwent bodily illusions using a MIRAGE-mediated reality system. All participants completed four conditions and performed standardised movements of the tongue. First, a baseline condition was performed while the tongue was viewed at normal size and colour. Then, three conditions were performed in random order: resizing shrink, colour-based (blue tongue) and incongruent movement illusions. During each condition, participants rated overall pain intensity and the intensity of burning pain/sensation on the tongue. Results: There was no difference in overall pain intensity ratings between conditions. However, a significant effect of condition was found for burning pain/sensation of the tongue. The colour illusion significantly reduced burning pain compared with baseline (MD = −12.8, 95% CI −20.7 to −4.8), corresponding to an average pain reduction of 32%. Exploratory analyses showed the colour illusion also significantly reduced pain compared with the shrink illusion (MD = −11.7, 95% CI −22.2 to −1.1). Conclusion: Using visual illusions to change tongue colour to blue resulted in significant reductions in burning pain/sensations in BMS patients for the duration of the illusion. This proof-of-concept study suggests that BMS patients may benefit from bodily illusions, and supports additional research using larger samples and more comprehensive control conditions.
format	Default Article
author	AH Phoon Nguyen R Balasubramaniam V Bellan Roger Newport TR Stanton
author_facet	AH Phoon Nguyen R Balasubramaniam V Bellan Roger Newport TR Stanton
author_sort	AH Phoon Nguyen (9695168)
title	The effect of multisensory illusions on pain and perceived burning sensations in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A proof-of-concept study
title_short	The effect of multisensory illusions on pain and perceived burning sensations in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A proof-of-concept study
title_full	The effect of multisensory illusions on pain and perceived burning sensations in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A proof-of-concept study
title_fullStr	The effect of multisensory illusions on pain and perceived burning sensations in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A proof-of-concept study
title_full_unstemmed	The effect of multisensory illusions on pain and perceived burning sensations in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A proof-of-concept study
title_sort	effect of multisensory illusions on pain and perceived burning sensations in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a proof-of-concept study
publishDate	2020
url	https://hdl.handle.net/2134/13292378.v1
_version_	1797459423995625472

The effect of multisensory illusions on pain and perceived burning sensations in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A proof-of-concept study

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