Medical, statistical, ethical and human rights considerations in the assessment of age in children and young people subject to immigration control

Unprecedented changes in both the scale and the complexity of international migration have led to international concern and controversy over the assessment of age in children and young people subject to immigration control or seeking asylum who say they are children yet have no documents to prove th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	British medical bulletin 2012-06, Vol.102 (1), p.17-42
Main Authors:	AYNSLEY-GREEN, A, COLE, T. J, CRAWLEY, H, LESSOF, N, BOAG, L. R, WALLACE, R. M. M
Format:	Article
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Age Determination by Skeleton - ethics Age Determination by Skeleton - methods Age Determination by Teeth - methods Age Factors Anthropometry - methods Bioethical Issues Biological and medical sciences Child Child Welfare - ethics Child Welfare - statistics & numerical data Emigration and Immigration Ethics Europe General aspects Human Rights Humans Medical sciences Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Refugees Teaching. Deontology. Ethics. Legislation
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Summary:	Unprecedented changes in both the scale and the complexity of international migration have led to international concern and controversy over the assessment of age in children and young people subject to immigration control or seeking asylum who say they are children yet have no documents to prove their stated age. The article reviews the existing evidence on the reliability of medical and non-medical techniques for the assessment of chronological age. There is evidence that radiography (X-rays) of bones and teeth, which is increasingly relied upon by immigration authorities, is imprecise, unethical and potentially unlawful, and should not be used for age assessment. Medical techniques including X-rays continue to be relied upon in the absence of an alternative approach resulting in legal challenges and uncertainty for children and young people. Further work is needed to establish a process for age assessment based on a 'holistic' multi-disciplinary approach which focuses not on chronological age exclusively but rather on the needs of children and young people subject to immigration control.
ISSN:	0007-1420 1471-8391