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Investigating the evolution of the optical emission spectra of HMX with reaction regime
The visible wavelength spectrum of HMX was studied during the different reactions rates associated with burning, deflagration and detonation. For burning, the material was ignited by a butane flame in air at atmospheric pressure leading to millisecond burn times. A modified BAM impact test was used...
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description | The visible wavelength spectrum of HMX was studied during the different reactions rates associated with burning, deflagration and detonation. For burning, the material was ignited by a butane flame in air at atmospheric pressure leading to millisecond burn times. A modified BAM impact test was used for deflagration, resulting in a 20 µs impact- initiated partially confined reaction. Detonation was achieved in a column of HMX pressed to a density of 84 ± 2 % TMD; PDV measurements allowed the CJ-pressure to be calculated at 24.0 ± 0.5 GPa, and the reaction front velocity was measured at 7.8 ± 0.3 kms−1. When burning spectral emission was found to originate mainly from alkali metal impurities, with the 589 nm sodium peak dominating the spectrum. With the higher reaction temperatures and pressures of deflagration, the redshift and broadening of the Na spectral peak were measured, along with the continuous competing greybody emission. From greybody portions of the spectra, temperatures of 4000 K in deflagration and 7000 K in detonation were calculated. The temperature increase is likely caused by the higher pressure shock of the detonation front compressing air filled interstitial pores in the material, leading to multiple localization mechanisms that drive a greater temperature than that achievable by chemical reaction alone. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1063/12.0000958 |
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Matthew D.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Morley, Olivia J. ; Williamson, David M. ; Zaug, Joseph ; Germann, Timothy C. ; Armstrong, Michael R. ; Wixom, Ryan ; Damm, David ; Lane, J. Matthew D.</creatorcontrib><description>The visible wavelength spectrum of HMX was studied during the different reactions rates associated with burning, deflagration and detonation. For burning, the material was ignited by a butane flame in air at atmospheric pressure leading to millisecond burn times. A modified BAM impact test was used for deflagration, resulting in a 20 µs impact- initiated partially confined reaction. Detonation was achieved in a column of HMX pressed to a density of 84 ± 2 % TMD; PDV measurements allowed the CJ-pressure to be calculated at 24.0 ± 0.5 GPa, and the reaction front velocity was measured at 7.8 ± 0.3 kms−1. When burning spectral emission was found to originate mainly from alkali metal impurities, with the 589 nm sodium peak dominating the spectrum. With the higher reaction temperatures and pressures of deflagration, the redshift and broadening of the Na spectral peak were measured, along with the continuous competing greybody emission. From greybody portions of the spectra, temperatures of 4000 K in deflagration and 7000 K in detonation were calculated. The temperature increase is likely caused by the higher pressure shock of the detonation front compressing air filled interstitial pores in the material, leading to multiple localization mechanisms that drive a greater temperature than that achievable by chemical reaction alone.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-243X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1551-7616</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/12.0000958</identifier><identifier>CODEN: APCPCS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Melville: American Institute of Physics</publisher><subject>Alkali metals ; Burning rate ; Chemical reactions ; Deflagration ; Detonation ; Emission analysis ; Emission spectra ; Front velocity ; HMX ; Impact tests ; Mathematical analysis ; Red shift ; Sodium ; Spectral emission</subject><ispartof>AIP Conference Proceedings, 2020, Vol.2272 (1)</ispartof><rights>Author(s)</rights><rights>2020 Author(s). 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Matthew D.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Morley, Olivia J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williamson, David M.</creatorcontrib><title>Investigating the evolution of the optical emission spectra of HMX with reaction regime</title><title>AIP Conference Proceedings</title><description>The visible wavelength spectrum of HMX was studied during the different reactions rates associated with burning, deflagration and detonation. For burning, the material was ignited by a butane flame in air at atmospheric pressure leading to millisecond burn times. A modified BAM impact test was used for deflagration, resulting in a 20 µs impact- initiated partially confined reaction. Detonation was achieved in a column of HMX pressed to a density of 84 ± 2 % TMD; PDV measurements allowed the CJ-pressure to be calculated at 24.0 ± 0.5 GPa, and the reaction front velocity was measured at 7.8 ± 0.3 kms−1. When burning spectral emission was found to originate mainly from alkali metal impurities, with the 589 nm sodium peak dominating the spectrum. With the higher reaction temperatures and pressures of deflagration, the redshift and broadening of the Na spectral peak were measured, along with the continuous competing greybody emission. From greybody portions of the spectra, temperatures of 4000 K in deflagration and 7000 K in detonation were calculated. The temperature increase is likely caused by the higher pressure shock of the detonation front compressing air filled interstitial pores in the material, leading to multiple localization mechanisms that drive a greater temperature than that achievable by chemical reaction alone.</description><subject>Alkali metals</subject><subject>Burning rate</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Deflagration</subject><subject>Detonation</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Emission spectra</subject><subject>Front velocity</subject><subject>HMX</subject><subject>Impact tests</subject><subject>Mathematical analysis</subject><subject>Red shift</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Spectral emission</subject><issn>0094-243X</issn><issn>1551-7616</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>conference_proceeding</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>conference_proceeding</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UMtOwzAQtBBIlMKFL4jEEaX4GdtHVAGtVMQFRG-WmzipqzY2tlPE35O0PXBiL7uanX3MAHCL4ATBgjwgPIF9SCbOwAgxhnJeoOIcjHqM5piS5SW4inEDIZacixH4nLd7E5NtdLJtk6W1yczebbtkXZu5-gA4n2ypt5nZ2RgHPHpTpqCH_ux1mX3btM6C0eVhKJjG7sw1uKj1NpqbUx6Dj-en9-ksX7y9zKePi9xjiVLOpDC1YJjiQkteVQhSIwTifCWk1HKoJatkjSrDdQkhX0FNhC5YAQkUNSVjcHfc64P76nolauO60PYnFaaM0143Jz3r_siKpU16eFP5YHc6_CgE1eCcQlidnPuPvXfhD1P5qia_Zohuig</recordid><startdate>20201102</startdate><enddate>20201102</enddate><creator>Morley, Olivia J.</creator><creator>Williamson, David M.</creator><general>American Institute of Physics</general><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20201102</creationdate><title>Investigating the evolution of the optical emission spectra of HMX with reaction regime</title><author>Morley, Olivia J. ; Williamson, David M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p291t-598ef852426a97dd104e88177b899a9e88195d9f1de7ac007b0a38a6560308f43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>conference_proceedings</rsrctype><prefilter>conference_proceedings</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Alkali metals</topic><topic>Burning rate</topic><topic>Chemical reactions</topic><topic>Deflagration</topic><topic>Detonation</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Emission spectra</topic><topic>Front velocity</topic><topic>HMX</topic><topic>Impact tests</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Red shift</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Spectral emission</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Morley, Olivia J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williamson, David M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Morley, Olivia J.</au><au>Williamson, David M.</au><format>book</format><genre>proceeding</genre><ristype>CONF</ristype><atitle>Investigating the evolution of the optical emission spectra of HMX with reaction regime</atitle><btitle>AIP Conference Proceedings</btitle><date>2020-11-02</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>2272</volume><issue>1</issue><issn>0094-243X</issn><eissn>1551-7616</eissn><coden>APCPCS</coden><abstract>The visible wavelength spectrum of HMX was studied during the different reactions rates associated with burning, deflagration and detonation. For burning, the material was ignited by a butane flame in air at atmospheric pressure leading to millisecond burn times. A modified BAM impact test was used for deflagration, resulting in a 20 µs impact- initiated partially confined reaction. Detonation was achieved in a column of HMX pressed to a density of 84 ± 2 % TMD; PDV measurements allowed the CJ-pressure to be calculated at 24.0 ± 0.5 GPa, and the reaction front velocity was measured at 7.8 ± 0.3 kms−1. When burning spectral emission was found to originate mainly from alkali metal impurities, with the 589 nm sodium peak dominating the spectrum. With the higher reaction temperatures and pressures of deflagration, the redshift and broadening of the Na spectral peak were measured, along with the continuous competing greybody emission. From greybody portions of the spectra, temperatures of 4000 K in deflagration and 7000 K in detonation were calculated. The temperature increase is likely caused by the higher pressure shock of the detonation front compressing air filled interstitial pores in the material, leading to multiple localization mechanisms that drive a greater temperature than that achievable by chemical reaction alone.</abstract><cop>Melville</cop><pub>American Institute of Physics</pub><doi>10.1063/12.0000958</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | American Institute of Physics:Jisc Collections:Transitional Journals Agreement 2021-23 (Reading list) |
subjects | Alkali metals Burning rate Chemical reactions Deflagration Detonation Emission analysis Emission spectra Front velocity HMX Impact tests Mathematical analysis Red shift Sodium Spectral emission |
title | Investigating the evolution of the optical emission spectra of HMX with reaction regime |
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