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Hypovitaminosis D Is Not A Risk Factor for Stress Fracture or Reaction in NCAA Division I Track And Field
Objectives: Most research on the role of vitamin D on skeletal health has been dedicated to the elderly for fracture prevention. However, there is a paucity of research examining the role of vitamin D in elite track and field athletes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of st...
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| Published in: | Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine 2019-07, Vol.7 (7_suppl5), p.2325967119 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Language: | English |
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| container_issue | 7_suppl5 |
| container_start_page | 2325967119 |
| container_title | Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine |
| container_volume | 7 |
| creator | Lindsay, Adam Jalali, Omid Korber, Shane Romano, Russ Kang, Hyunwoo Paco Tibone, James E. Weber, Alexander E. Gamradt, Seth C. |
| description | Objectives:
Most research on the role of vitamin D on skeletal health has been dedicated to the elderly for fracture prevention. However, there is a paucity of research examining the role of vitamin D in elite track and field athletes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of stress reactions and fractures in NCAA Division I track and field athletes, and to determine the relationship between fractures and serum vitamin D levels.
Methods:
After IRB approval, we evaluated data for men’s and women’s outdoor track and field teams from 2015-2018 at a large NCAA Division I athletics program. Vitamin D levels were drawn during pre-season annual physicals. The cutoff for hypovitaminosis D was set at 40 nmol/L. Demographic and athletic tenure data were recorded and analyzed, and competitive events were grouped into one of four categories: 1) running events, 2) jumping events, 3) throwing events, and 4) multiple event types. Student T tests, chi-squared tests, and multivariate logistic regression were performed.
Results:
Of the 148 athletes analyzed, greater than 50% had hypovitaminois D (Figure 1). There were 29 (19.6%) athletes sustained a stress fracture or stress reaction. There was no difference in mean vitamin D levels in the injured group vs the non-injured group (43.55 ± 11.97 vs. 39.61 ± 12.32, respectively; p=0.122). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression failed to demonstrate an association between stress fracture or reaction incidence and vitamin D status, age, BMI, or event type (p>0.05 for all).
Conclusion:
These data suggest that NCAA Division I track and field athletes suffer a high rate of stress fractures and reactions, though those with hypovitaminosis D are not at increased risk of these injuries. This is the first study to demonstrate this in a heterogeneous population of elite athletes. Future studies investigating other modifiable risk factors for fracture in this population are warranted to prevent the health and athletic consequences of these fractures. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/2325967119S00404 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8822074</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sage_id>10.1177_2325967119S00404</sage_id><sourcerecordid>2375744906</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2044-679a6bbd83a241c1c3b7b71e37a0564721420e2a45ca8d7f63924d65b6d667ae3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kdtLwzAUxoMoOHTvPgZ8rubWpH0RyubcYEzY5nNI23Rml2Ym7WD_vSkb3sBAyOGX7_vOgQPAHUYPGAvxSCiJUy4wThcIMcQuQK9DUccuf9TXoO_9GoWTxDilogfM-Li3B9OonamtNx4O4cTDmW1gBufGb-BIFY11sAp30TjtPRy5gFqnYUBzHWpja2hqOBtkGRyag_EdmMBl0G1gVpdwZPS2vAVXldp63T-_N-Bt9LwcjKPp68tkkE2jgiDGIi5SxfO8TKgiDBe4oLnIBdZUKBRzJghmBGmiWFyopBQVpylhJY9zXnIulKY34OmUu2_znS4LXTdObeXemZ1yR2mVkb9_avMuV_Ygk4QQJFgIuD8HOPvRat_ItW1dHWaWhIpYMJYiHlTopCqc9d7p6qsDRrJbivy7lGCJThavVvo79F_9J3OgiqM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2375744906</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Hypovitaminosis D Is Not A Risk Factor for Stress Fracture or Reaction in NCAA Division I Track And Field</title><source>SAGE Open Access Journals</source><source>ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Lindsay, Adam ; Jalali, Omid ; Korber, Shane ; Romano, Russ ; Kang, Hyunwoo Paco ; Tibone, James E. ; Weber, Alexander E. ; Gamradt, Seth C.</creator><creatorcontrib>Lindsay, Adam ; Jalali, Omid ; Korber, Shane ; Romano, Russ ; Kang, Hyunwoo Paco ; Tibone, James E. ; Weber, Alexander E. ; Gamradt, Seth C.</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives:
Most research on the role of vitamin D on skeletal health has been dedicated to the elderly for fracture prevention. However, there is a paucity of research examining the role of vitamin D in elite track and field athletes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of stress reactions and fractures in NCAA Division I track and field athletes, and to determine the relationship between fractures and serum vitamin D levels.
Methods:
After IRB approval, we evaluated data for men’s and women’s outdoor track and field teams from 2015-2018 at a large NCAA Division I athletics program. Vitamin D levels were drawn during pre-season annual physicals. The cutoff for hypovitaminosis D was set at 40 nmol/L. Demographic and athletic tenure data were recorded and analyzed, and competitive events were grouped into one of four categories: 1) running events, 2) jumping events, 3) throwing events, and 4) multiple event types. Student T tests, chi-squared tests, and multivariate logistic regression were performed.
Results:
Of the 148 athletes analyzed, greater than 50% had hypovitaminois D (Figure 1). There were 29 (19.6%) athletes sustained a stress fracture or stress reaction. There was no difference in mean vitamin D levels in the injured group vs the non-injured group (43.55 ± 11.97 vs. 39.61 ± 12.32, respectively; p=0.122). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression failed to demonstrate an association between stress fracture or reaction incidence and vitamin D status, age, BMI, or event type (p>0.05 for all).
Conclusion:
These data suggest that NCAA Division I track and field athletes suffer a high rate of stress fractures and reactions, though those with hypovitaminosis D are not at increased risk of these injuries. This is the first study to demonstrate this in a heterogeneous population of elite athletes. Future studies investigating other modifiable risk factors for fracture in this population are warranted to prevent the health and athletic consequences of these fractures.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2325-9671</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2325-9671</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/2325967119S00404</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Health risk assessment ; Orthopedics ; Sports medicine ; Track & field ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin deficiency</subject><ispartof>Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2019-07, Vol.7 (7_suppl5), p.2325967119</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2019. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial – No Derivatives License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2019 2019 SAGE Publications</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8822074/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2375744906?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,733,786,790,891,21994,25783,27886,27957,27958,37047,44625,44980,45368,53827,53829</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lindsay, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jalali, Omid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korber, Shane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romano, Russ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Hyunwoo Paco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tibone, James E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weber, Alexander E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamradt, Seth C.</creatorcontrib><title>Hypovitaminosis D Is Not A Risk Factor for Stress Fracture or Reaction in NCAA Division I Track And Field</title><title>Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine</title><description>Objectives:
Most research on the role of vitamin D on skeletal health has been dedicated to the elderly for fracture prevention. However, there is a paucity of research examining the role of vitamin D in elite track and field athletes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of stress reactions and fractures in NCAA Division I track and field athletes, and to determine the relationship between fractures and serum vitamin D levels.
Methods:
After IRB approval, we evaluated data for men’s and women’s outdoor track and field teams from 2015-2018 at a large NCAA Division I athletics program. Vitamin D levels were drawn during pre-season annual physicals. The cutoff for hypovitaminosis D was set at 40 nmol/L. Demographic and athletic tenure data were recorded and analyzed, and competitive events were grouped into one of four categories: 1) running events, 2) jumping events, 3) throwing events, and 4) multiple event types. Student T tests, chi-squared tests, and multivariate logistic regression were performed.
Results:
Of the 148 athletes analyzed, greater than 50% had hypovitaminois D (Figure 1). There were 29 (19.6%) athletes sustained a stress fracture or stress reaction. There was no difference in mean vitamin D levels in the injured group vs the non-injured group (43.55 ± 11.97 vs. 39.61 ± 12.32, respectively; p=0.122). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression failed to demonstrate an association between stress fracture or reaction incidence and vitamin D status, age, BMI, or event type (p>0.05 for all).
Conclusion:
These data suggest that NCAA Division I track and field athletes suffer a high rate of stress fractures and reactions, though those with hypovitaminosis D are not at increased risk of these injuries. This is the first study to demonstrate this in a heterogeneous population of elite athletes. Future studies investigating other modifiable risk factors for fracture in this population are warranted to prevent the health and athletic consequences of these fractures.</description><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Orthopedics</subject><subject>Sports medicine</subject><subject>Track & field</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin deficiency</subject><issn>2325-9671</issn><issn>2325-9671</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AFRWT</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kdtLwzAUxoMoOHTvPgZ8rubWpH0RyubcYEzY5nNI23Rml2Ym7WD_vSkb3sBAyOGX7_vOgQPAHUYPGAvxSCiJUy4wThcIMcQuQK9DUccuf9TXoO_9GoWTxDilogfM-Li3B9OonamtNx4O4cTDmW1gBufGb-BIFY11sAp30TjtPRy5gFqnYUBzHWpja2hqOBtkGRyag_EdmMBl0G1gVpdwZPS2vAVXldp63T-_N-Bt9LwcjKPp68tkkE2jgiDGIi5SxfO8TKgiDBe4oLnIBdZUKBRzJghmBGmiWFyopBQVpylhJY9zXnIulKY34OmUu2_znS4LXTdObeXemZ1yR2mVkb9_avMuV_Ygk4QQJFgIuD8HOPvRat_ItW1dHWaWhIpYMJYiHlTopCqc9d7p6qsDRrJbivy7lGCJThavVvo79F_9J3OgiqM</recordid><startdate>20190729</startdate><enddate>20190729</enddate><creator>Lindsay, Adam</creator><creator>Jalali, Omid</creator><creator>Korber, Shane</creator><creator>Romano, Russ</creator><creator>Kang, Hyunwoo Paco</creator><creator>Tibone, James E.</creator><creator>Weber, Alexander E.</creator><creator>Gamradt, Seth C.</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>AFRWT</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20190729</creationdate><title>Hypovitaminosis D Is Not A Risk Factor for Stress Fracture or Reaction in NCAA Division I Track And Field</title><author>Lindsay, Adam ; Jalali, Omid ; Korber, Shane ; Romano, Russ ; Kang, Hyunwoo Paco ; Tibone, James E. ; Weber, Alexander E. ; Gamradt, Seth C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2044-679a6bbd83a241c1c3b7b71e37a0564721420e2a45ca8d7f63924d65b6d667ae3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Orthopedics</topic><topic>Sports medicine</topic><topic>Track & field</topic><topic>Vitamin D</topic><topic>Vitamin deficiency</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lindsay, Adam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jalali, Omid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korber, Shane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romano, Russ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Hyunwoo Paco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tibone, James E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weber, Alexander E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamradt, Seth C.</creatorcontrib><collection>SAGE Open Access Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lindsay, Adam</au><au>Jalali, Omid</au><au>Korber, Shane</au><au>Romano, Russ</au><au>Kang, Hyunwoo Paco</au><au>Tibone, James E.</au><au>Weber, Alexander E.</au><au>Gamradt, Seth C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hypovitaminosis D Is Not A Risk Factor for Stress Fracture or Reaction in NCAA Division I Track And Field</atitle><jtitle>Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine</jtitle><date>2019-07-29</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>7_suppl5</issue><spage>2325967119</spage><pages>2325967119-</pages><issn>2325-9671</issn><eissn>2325-9671</eissn><abstract>Objectives:
Most research on the role of vitamin D on skeletal health has been dedicated to the elderly for fracture prevention. However, there is a paucity of research examining the role of vitamin D in elite track and field athletes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of stress reactions and fractures in NCAA Division I track and field athletes, and to determine the relationship between fractures and serum vitamin D levels.
Methods:
After IRB approval, we evaluated data for men’s and women’s outdoor track and field teams from 2015-2018 at a large NCAA Division I athletics program. Vitamin D levels were drawn during pre-season annual physicals. The cutoff for hypovitaminosis D was set at 40 nmol/L. Demographic and athletic tenure data were recorded and analyzed, and competitive events were grouped into one of four categories: 1) running events, 2) jumping events, 3) throwing events, and 4) multiple event types. Student T tests, chi-squared tests, and multivariate logistic regression were performed.
Results:
Of the 148 athletes analyzed, greater than 50% had hypovitaminois D (Figure 1). There were 29 (19.6%) athletes sustained a stress fracture or stress reaction. There was no difference in mean vitamin D levels in the injured group vs the non-injured group (43.55 ± 11.97 vs. 39.61 ± 12.32, respectively; p=0.122). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression failed to demonstrate an association between stress fracture or reaction incidence and vitamin D status, age, BMI, or event type (p>0.05 for all).
Conclusion:
These data suggest that NCAA Division I track and field athletes suffer a high rate of stress fractures and reactions, though those with hypovitaminosis D are not at increased risk of these injuries. This is the first study to demonstrate this in a heterogeneous population of elite athletes. Future studies investigating other modifiable risk factors for fracture in this population are warranted to prevent the health and athletic consequences of these fractures.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><doi>10.1177/2325967119S00404</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 2325-9671 |
| ispartof | Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2019-07, Vol.7 (7_suppl5), p.2325967119 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | SAGE Open Access Journals; ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Health risk assessment Orthopedics Sports medicine Track & field Vitamin D Vitamin deficiency |
| title | Hypovitaminosis D Is Not A Risk Factor for Stress Fracture or Reaction in NCAA Division I Track And Field |
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