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Diffusion of COVID-19 among children and adolescents during the second and third waves of the pandemic in Italy
This paper explores COVID-19 diffusion among children and adolescents (up to 19 years old) in Italy using the publicly available data that were collected and released by the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS). We consider in more detail the so-called second and third waves of the pandemic in...
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| Published in: | European journal of pediatrics 2022-04, Vol.181 (4), p.1619-1632 |
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| container_title | European journal of pediatrics |
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| creator | Bassi, Francesca Doria, Mattia |
| description | This paper explores COVID-19 diffusion among children and adolescents (up to 19 years old) in Italy using the publicly available data that were collected and released by the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS). We consider in more detail the so-called second and third waves of the pandemic in Italy and explore the relationship between schools opening and the diffusion of COVID-19, which is a highly debated topic in the recent reference literature. We analyse the dynamics of COVID-19 incidence in the country as a whole and in its individual regions. Moreover, we compare the regions in which different levels of restrictions were imposed during the pandemic as well as different school closure calendars. We found there to be a significant correlation between the dynamics of the COVID-19 infections among young people in Italy and school closures during both the second and the third waves of the pandemic.
Conclusion
: Specifically, we found school closures to have mitigated the spread of the infection, especially among patients between the ages of 14 and 19.
What is Known:
• The relationship between the opening of schools and the diffusion of COVID-19 is a debated topic.
• SARS-CoV-2 diffusion among school-aged adolescents is almost twice as that among children.
• SARS-CoV-2 is a mild disease for infants and children.
What is New:
• We analysed original data on the diffusion of COVID-19 among children and adolescents in Italy.
• We calculated incidence of COVID-19 with reference to school-age classes and compared over time in the whole country and in the regions of Italy.
• We analysed incidence dynamics considering school closures and other restrictions imposed by the local and national authorities to limit virus diffusion. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00431-021-04330-6 |
| format | article |
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Conclusion
: Specifically, we found school closures to have mitigated the spread of the infection, especially among patients between the ages of 14 and 19.
What is Known:
• The relationship between the opening of schools and the diffusion of COVID-19 is a debated topic.
• SARS-CoV-2 diffusion among school-aged adolescents is almost twice as that among children.
• SARS-CoV-2 is a mild disease for infants and children.
What is New:
• We analysed original data on the diffusion of COVID-19 among children and adolescents in Italy.
• We calculated incidence of COVID-19 with reference to school-age classes and compared over time in the whole country and in the regions of Italy.
• We analysed incidence dynamics considering school closures and other restrictions imposed by the local and national authorities to limit virus diffusion.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1432-1076</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0340-6199</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1076</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04330-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35083537</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adult ; Child ; Children ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; Diffusion ; Humans ; Infant ; Italy - epidemiology ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Original ; Original Article ; Pandemics ; Pediatrics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; School closures ; Schools ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Teenagers ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>European journal of pediatrics, 2022-04, Vol.181 (4), p.1619-1632</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-afbccf6f7214eb26630859747ff903c39412e23127f4b3532b5a457d838d799c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-afbccf6f7214eb26630859747ff903c39412e23127f4b3532b5a457d838d799c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3257-7029</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35083537$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bassi, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doria, Mattia</creatorcontrib><title>Diffusion of COVID-19 among children and adolescents during the second and third waves of the pandemic in Italy</title><title>European journal of pediatrics</title><addtitle>Eur J Pediatr</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Pediatr</addtitle><description>This paper explores COVID-19 diffusion among children and adolescents (up to 19 years old) in Italy using the publicly available data that were collected and released by the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS). We consider in more detail the so-called second and third waves of the pandemic in Italy and explore the relationship between schools opening and the diffusion of COVID-19, which is a highly debated topic in the recent reference literature. We analyse the dynamics of COVID-19 incidence in the country as a whole and in its individual regions. Moreover, we compare the regions in which different levels of restrictions were imposed during the pandemic as well as different school closure calendars. We found there to be a significant correlation between the dynamics of the COVID-19 infections among young people in Italy and school closures during both the second and the third waves of the pandemic.
Conclusion
: Specifically, we found school closures to have mitigated the spread of the infection, especially among patients between the ages of 14 and 19.
What is Known:
• The relationship between the opening of schools and the diffusion of COVID-19 is a debated topic.
• SARS-CoV-2 diffusion among school-aged adolescents is almost twice as that among children.
• SARS-CoV-2 is a mild disease for infants and children.
What is New:
• We analysed original data on the diffusion of COVID-19 among children and adolescents in Italy.
• We calculated incidence of COVID-19 with reference to school-age classes and compared over time in the whole country and in the regions of Italy.
• We analysed incidence dynamics considering school closures and other restrictions imposed by the local and national authorities to limit virus diffusion.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diffusion</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Italy - epidemiology</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>School closures</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1432-1076</issn><issn>0340-6199</issn><issn>1432-1076</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UU1P3DAUtFCrQmn_AIfKUi9cQp8_YieXStVCYSUkLm2vluPYrFFib-0ExL_HYSnQHnp4suWZN37zBqEjAicEQH7JAJyRCmgpzhhUYg8dEM5oRUCKN6_u--h9zjdQmlrSvEP7rIaG1UweoHjqnZuzjwFHh1dXv9anFWmxHmO4xmbjhz7ZgHXose7jYLOxYcq4n5Mv-LSxOFsTF7TUtPGpx3f61uZFbEG35d2O3mAf8HrSw_0H9NbpIduPT-ch-vn97Mfqorq8Ol-vvl1Whks-Vdp1xjjhJCXcdlQIBk3dSi6da4EZ1nJCLWWESse74oR2tea17BvW9LJtDTtEX3e627kbbb-MnfSgtsmPOt2rqL36Gwl-o67jrWrKioRsisDxk0CKv2ebJzX64n4YdLBxzooKysrOKUChfv6HehPnFIq9wuJcABBghUV3LJNizsm652EIqCVPtctTlTzVY55KlKZPr208t_wJsBDYjpC3SyQ2vfz9H9kH1jiqVg</recordid><startdate>20220401</startdate><enddate>20220401</enddate><creator>Bassi, Francesca</creator><creator>Doria, Mattia</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3257-7029</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220401</creationdate><title>Diffusion of COVID-19 among children and adolescents during the second and third waves of the pandemic in Italy</title><author>Bassi, Francesca ; Doria, Mattia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-afbccf6f7214eb26630859747ff903c39412e23127f4b3532b5a457d838d799c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diffusion</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Italy - epidemiology</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>School closures</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bassi, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doria, Mattia</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>European journal of pediatrics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bassi, Francesca</au><au>Doria, Mattia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Diffusion of COVID-19 among children and adolescents during the second and third waves of the pandemic in Italy</atitle><jtitle>European journal of pediatrics</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Pediatr</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Pediatr</addtitle><date>2022-04-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>181</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1619</spage><epage>1632</epage><pages>1619-1632</pages><issn>1432-1076</issn><issn>0340-6199</issn><eissn>1432-1076</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>Communicated by Peter de Winter</notes><abstract>This paper explores COVID-19 diffusion among children and adolescents (up to 19 years old) in Italy using the publicly available data that were collected and released by the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS). We consider in more detail the so-called second and third waves of the pandemic in Italy and explore the relationship between schools opening and the diffusion of COVID-19, which is a highly debated topic in the recent reference literature. We analyse the dynamics of COVID-19 incidence in the country as a whole and in its individual regions. Moreover, we compare the regions in which different levels of restrictions were imposed during the pandemic as well as different school closure calendars. We found there to be a significant correlation between the dynamics of the COVID-19 infections among young people in Italy and school closures during both the second and the third waves of the pandemic.
Conclusion
: Specifically, we found school closures to have mitigated the spread of the infection, especially among patients between the ages of 14 and 19.
What is Known:
• The relationship between the opening of schools and the diffusion of COVID-19 is a debated topic.
• SARS-CoV-2 diffusion among school-aged adolescents is almost twice as that among children.
• SARS-CoV-2 is a mild disease for infants and children.
What is New:
• We analysed original data on the diffusion of COVID-19 among children and adolescents in Italy.
• We calculated incidence of COVID-19 with reference to school-age classes and compared over time in the whole country and in the regions of Italy.
• We analysed incidence dynamics considering school closures and other restrictions imposed by the local and national authorities to limit virus diffusion.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>35083537</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00431-021-04330-6</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3257-7029</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1432-1076 |
| ispartof | European journal of pediatrics, 2022-04, Vol.181 (4), p.1619-1632 |
| issn | 1432-1076 0340-6199 1432-1076 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8791678 |
| source | Springer Link |
| subjects | Adolescent Adolescents Adult Child Children Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Diffusion Humans Infant Italy - epidemiology Medicine Medicine & Public Health Original Original Article Pandemics Pediatrics SARS-CoV-2 School closures Schools Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Teenagers Young Adult |
| title | Diffusion of COVID-19 among children and adolescents during the second and third waves of the pandemic in Italy |
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