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Multilevel Factors Affecting Healthcare Workers’ Perceived Stress and Risk of Infection During COVID-19 Pandemic
Objectives: This study aimed to identify key factors affecting Healthcare workers (HCWs) perceived stress and risk of contracting COVID-19 among themselves and their family members during the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted between 19 March and April 5,...
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| Published in: | International journal of public health 2021-03, Vol.66, p.599408-599408 |
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| container_title | International journal of public health |
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| creator | Chua, Gilbert T. Tung, Keith T. S. Kwan, Mike Yat Wah Wong, Rosa S. Chui, Celine S. L. Li, Xue Wong, Wilfred H. S. Tso, Winnie W. Y. Fu, King Wa Chan, Ko Ling Wing, Yun Kwok Chen, Eric Yu Hai Chun Lee, Tatia Mei Rao, Nirmala Chan, Godfrey C. F. Hon, Ellis K. L. Hung, Ivan Fan Ngai Lau, Kui Kai Ho, Marco H. K. Wong, Kirstie Xiong, Xiaoli Chi, Shuiqing Tang, Shao-tao Tam, Paul K. H. Wong, Ian C. K. Ip, Patrick |
| description | Objectives:
This study aimed to identify key factors affecting Healthcare workers (HCWs) perceived stress and risk of contracting COVID-19 among themselves and their family members during the pandemic.
Methods:
A cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted between 19 March and April 5, 2020 in Hong Kong. HCWs from public hospitals and private dentists, and their family members participated.
Results:
A total of 747 HCWs and 245 family members participated. Higher perceived stress in HCWs was associated with more negative changes in family relationship (
p
= 0.025). The HCWs’ perceived stress, however, was positively associated with family cohesion (
p
= 0.033) and stress levels of family members (
p
< 0.001). The level of HCWs’ satisfaction toward the hospital policies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak was associated with lower levels of perceived stress and risk of themselves or their family members contracting COVID-19. HCWs’ previous frontline experience of SARS was significantly associated with less perceived risk of themselves or their family members contracting COVID-19.
Conclusion:
Hospital policies addressing HCWs’ needs, frontline experience of SARS, and family relationship influenced psychological wellbeing of HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3389/ijph.2021.599408 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8565288</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2575526509</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-11c6595c98a08d4b84cba4f3e10b520d888e7c09be1256e9b99dd8136f39bb2e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkU1P4zAQhi20iI_CnaOlvewlxU7sxL4goZaPSl2B-DxajjOhLmlc7KQSN_7G_r39JbhbhGBPM5p55tXMvAgdUTLMMiGP7Xw5G6YkpUMuJSNiC-3RPKeJ4Dn78SXfRfshzAnJiSB0B-1mrGAs1veQ_903nW1gBQ0-16ZzPuDTugbT2fYJX4JuupnRHvCj88_gw9-3P_gavAG7ggrfdh5CwLqt8I0Nz9jVeNL-G3YtHvd-rTG6epiMEyrxdcRgYc0B2q51E-DwIw7Q_fnZ3egymV5dTEan08QwQruEUpNzyY0UmoiKlYKZUrM6A0pKnpJKCAGFIbIEmvIcZCllVQma5XUmyzKFbIBONrrLvlxAZaDtvG7U0tuF9q_Kaau-d1o7U09upeLHeCpEFPj1IeDdSw-hUwsbDDSNbsH1QaVxPSKLQvCI_vwPnbvet_G8SBWcp3kkI0U2lPEuBA_15zKUqLWham2oWhuqNoZm72KIlHg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2575526509</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Multilevel Factors Affecting Healthcare Workers’ Perceived Stress and Risk of Infection During COVID-19 Pandemic</title><source>Publicly Available Content Database</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Coronavirus Research Database</source><creator>Chua, Gilbert T. ; Tung, Keith T. S. ; Kwan, Mike Yat Wah ; Wong, Rosa S. ; Chui, Celine S. L. ; Li, Xue ; Wong, Wilfred H. S. ; Tso, Winnie W. Y. ; Fu, King Wa ; Chan, Ko Ling ; Wing, Yun Kwok ; Chen, Eric Yu Hai ; Chun Lee, Tatia Mei ; Rao, Nirmala ; Chan, Godfrey C. F. ; Hon, Ellis K. L. ; Hung, Ivan Fan Ngai ; Lau, Kui Kai ; Ho, Marco H. K. ; Wong, Kirstie ; Xiong, Xiaoli ; Chi, Shuiqing ; Tang, Shao-tao ; Tam, Paul K. H. ; Wong, Ian C. K. ; Ip, Patrick</creator><creatorcontrib>Chua, Gilbert T. ; Tung, Keith T. S. ; Kwan, Mike Yat Wah ; Wong, Rosa S. ; Chui, Celine S. L. ; Li, Xue ; Wong, Wilfred H. S. ; Tso, Winnie W. Y. ; Fu, King Wa ; Chan, Ko Ling ; Wing, Yun Kwok ; Chen, Eric Yu Hai ; Chun Lee, Tatia Mei ; Rao, Nirmala ; Chan, Godfrey C. F. ; Hon, Ellis K. L. ; Hung, Ivan Fan Ngai ; Lau, Kui Kai ; Ho, Marco H. K. ; Wong, Kirstie ; Xiong, Xiaoli ; Chi, Shuiqing ; Tang, Shao-tao ; Tam, Paul K. H. ; Wong, Ian C. K. ; Ip, Patrick</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives:
This study aimed to identify key factors affecting Healthcare workers (HCWs) perceived stress and risk of contracting COVID-19 among themselves and their family members during the pandemic.
Methods:
A cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted between 19 March and April 5, 2020 in Hong Kong. HCWs from public hospitals and private dentists, and their family members participated.
Results:
A total of 747 HCWs and 245 family members participated. Higher perceived stress in HCWs was associated with more negative changes in family relationship (
p
= 0.025). The HCWs’ perceived stress, however, was positively associated with family cohesion (
p
= 0.033) and stress levels of family members (
p
< 0.001). The level of HCWs’ satisfaction toward the hospital policies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak was associated with lower levels of perceived stress and risk of themselves or their family members contracting COVID-19. HCWs’ previous frontline experience of SARS was significantly associated with less perceived risk of themselves or their family members contracting COVID-19.
Conclusion:
Hospital policies addressing HCWs’ needs, frontline experience of SARS, and family relationship influenced psychological wellbeing of HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1661-8564</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-8556</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1661-8564</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.599408</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34744564</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: Frontiers Media SA</publisher><subject>Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Demographics ; Dentists ; Epidemics ; Health care industry ; Hospitals ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Medical personnel ; Mental health ; Pandemics ; Perceptions ; Personal protective equipment ; Questionnaires ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Society Journal Archive ; Stress ; Workers</subject><ispartof>International journal of public health, 2021-03, Vol.66, p.599408-599408</ispartof><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Chua, Tung, Kwan, Wong, Chui, Li, Wong, Tso, Fu, Chan, Wing, Chen, Chun Lee, Rao, Chan, Hon, Hung, Lau, Ho, Wong, Xiong, Chi, Tang, Tam, Wong and Ip. 2021 Chua, Tung, Kwan, Wong, Chui, Li, Wong, Tso, Fu, Chan, Wing, Chen, Chun Lee, Rao, Chan, Hon, Hung, Lau, Ho, Wong, Xiong, Chi, Tang, Tam, Wong and Ip</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-11c6595c98a08d4b84cba4f3e10b520d888e7c09be1256e9b99dd8136f39bb2e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-11c6595c98a08d4b84cba4f3e10b520d888e7c09be1256e9b99dd8136f39bb2e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2575526509/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2575526509?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,733,786,790,891,25783,27957,27958,37047,37048,38551,43930,44625,53827,53829,74769,75483</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chua, Gilbert T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tung, Keith T. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwan, Mike Yat Wah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Rosa S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chui, Celine S. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Wilfred H. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tso, Winnie W. Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, King Wa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Ko Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wing, Yun Kwok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Eric Yu Hai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chun Lee, Tatia Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rao, Nirmala</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Godfrey C. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hon, Ellis K. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hung, Ivan Fan Ngai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lau, Kui Kai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Marco H. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Kirstie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiong, Xiaoli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chi, Shuiqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Shao-tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tam, Paul K. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Ian C. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ip, Patrick</creatorcontrib><title>Multilevel Factors Affecting Healthcare Workers’ Perceived Stress and Risk of Infection During COVID-19 Pandemic</title><title>International journal of public health</title><description>Objectives:
This study aimed to identify key factors affecting Healthcare workers (HCWs) perceived stress and risk of contracting COVID-19 among themselves and their family members during the pandemic.
Methods:
A cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted between 19 March and April 5, 2020 in Hong Kong. HCWs from public hospitals and private dentists, and their family members participated.
Results:
A total of 747 HCWs and 245 family members participated. Higher perceived stress in HCWs was associated with more negative changes in family relationship (
p
= 0.025). The HCWs’ perceived stress, however, was positively associated with family cohesion (
p
= 0.033) and stress levels of family members (
p
< 0.001). The level of HCWs’ satisfaction toward the hospital policies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak was associated with lower levels of perceived stress and risk of themselves or their family members contracting COVID-19. HCWs’ previous frontline experience of SARS was significantly associated with less perceived risk of themselves or their family members contracting COVID-19.
Conclusion:
Hospital policies addressing HCWs’ needs, frontline experience of SARS, and family relationship influenced psychological wellbeing of HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak.</description><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Dentists</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Health care industry</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Medical personnel</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Perceptions</subject><subject>Personal protective equipment</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Society Journal Archive</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Workers</subject><issn>1661-8564</issn><issn>1661-8556</issn><issn>1661-8564</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>COVID</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1P4zAQhi20iI_CnaOlvewlxU7sxL4goZaPSl2B-DxajjOhLmlc7KQSN_7G_r39JbhbhGBPM5p55tXMvAgdUTLMMiGP7Xw5G6YkpUMuJSNiC-3RPKeJ4Dn78SXfRfshzAnJiSB0B-1mrGAs1veQ_903nW1gBQ0-16ZzPuDTugbT2fYJX4JuupnRHvCj88_gw9-3P_gavAG7ggrfdh5CwLqt8I0Nz9jVeNL-G3YtHvd-rTG6epiMEyrxdcRgYc0B2q51E-DwIw7Q_fnZ3egymV5dTEan08QwQruEUpNzyY0UmoiKlYKZUrM6A0pKnpJKCAGFIbIEmvIcZCllVQma5XUmyzKFbIBONrrLvlxAZaDtvG7U0tuF9q_Kaau-d1o7U09upeLHeCpEFPj1IeDdSw-hUwsbDDSNbsH1QaVxPSKLQvCI_vwPnbvet_G8SBWcp3kkI0U2lPEuBA_15zKUqLWham2oWhuqNoZm72KIlHg</recordid><startdate>20210305</startdate><enddate>20210305</enddate><creator>Chua, Gilbert T.</creator><creator>Tung, Keith T. S.</creator><creator>Kwan, Mike Yat Wah</creator><creator>Wong, Rosa S.</creator><creator>Chui, Celine S. L.</creator><creator>Li, Xue</creator><creator>Wong, Wilfred H. S.</creator><creator>Tso, Winnie W. Y.</creator><creator>Fu, King Wa</creator><creator>Chan, Ko Ling</creator><creator>Wing, Yun Kwok</creator><creator>Chen, Eric Yu Hai</creator><creator>Chun Lee, Tatia Mei</creator><creator>Rao, Nirmala</creator><creator>Chan, Godfrey C. F.</creator><creator>Hon, Ellis K. L.</creator><creator>Hung, Ivan Fan Ngai</creator><creator>Lau, Kui Kai</creator><creator>Ho, Marco H. K.</creator><creator>Wong, Kirstie</creator><creator>Xiong, Xiaoli</creator><creator>Chi, Shuiqing</creator><creator>Tang, Shao-tao</creator><creator>Tam, Paul K. H.</creator><creator>Wong, Ian C. K.</creator><creator>Ip, Patrick</creator><general>Frontiers Media SA</general><general>Frontiers Media S.A</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210305</creationdate><title>Multilevel Factors Affecting Healthcare Workers’ Perceived Stress and Risk of Infection During COVID-19 Pandemic</title><author>Chua, Gilbert T. ; Tung, Keith T. S. ; Kwan, Mike Yat Wah ; Wong, Rosa S. ; Chui, Celine S. L. ; Li, Xue ; Wong, Wilfred H. S. ; Tso, Winnie W. Y. ; Fu, King Wa ; Chan, Ko Ling ; Wing, Yun Kwok ; Chen, Eric Yu Hai ; Chun Lee, Tatia Mei ; Rao, Nirmala ; Chan, Godfrey C. F. ; Hon, Ellis K. L. ; Hung, Ivan Fan Ngai ; Lau, Kui Kai ; Ho, Marco H. K. ; Wong, Kirstie ; Xiong, Xiaoli ; Chi, Shuiqing ; Tang, Shao-tao ; Tam, Paul K. H. ; Wong, Ian C. K. ; Ip, Patrick</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-11c6595c98a08d4b84cba4f3e10b520d888e7c09be1256e9b99dd8136f39bb2e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Dentists</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Health care industry</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Medical personnel</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Perceptions</topic><topic>Personal protective equipment</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Society Journal Archive</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Workers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chua, Gilbert T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tung, Keith T. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwan, Mike Yat Wah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Rosa S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chui, Celine S. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Wilfred H. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tso, Winnie W. Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, King Wa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Ko Ling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wing, Yun Kwok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Eric Yu Hai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chun Lee, Tatia Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rao, Nirmala</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Godfrey C. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hon, Ellis K. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hung, Ivan Fan Ngai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lau, Kui Kai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Marco H. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Kirstie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiong, Xiaoli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chi, Shuiqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Shao-tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tam, Paul K. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Ian C. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ip, Patrick</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chua, Gilbert T.</au><au>Tung, Keith T. S.</au><au>Kwan, Mike Yat Wah</au><au>Wong, Rosa S.</au><au>Chui, Celine S. L.</au><au>Li, Xue</au><au>Wong, Wilfred H. S.</au><au>Tso, Winnie W. Y.</au><au>Fu, King Wa</au><au>Chan, Ko Ling</au><au>Wing, Yun Kwok</au><au>Chen, Eric Yu Hai</au><au>Chun Lee, Tatia Mei</au><au>Rao, Nirmala</au><au>Chan, Godfrey C. F.</au><au>Hon, Ellis K. L.</au><au>Hung, Ivan Fan Ngai</au><au>Lau, Kui Kai</au><au>Ho, Marco H. K.</au><au>Wong, Kirstie</au><au>Xiong, Xiaoli</au><au>Chi, Shuiqing</au><au>Tang, Shao-tao</au><au>Tam, Paul K. H.</au><au>Wong, Ian C. K.</au><au>Ip, Patrick</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Multilevel Factors Affecting Healthcare Workers’ Perceived Stress and Risk of Infection During COVID-19 Pandemic</atitle><jtitle>International journal of public health</jtitle><date>2021-03-05</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>66</volume><spage>599408</spage><epage>599408</epage><pages>599408-599408</pages><issn>1661-8564</issn><issn>1661-8556</issn><eissn>1661-8564</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>Edited by: Calogero Guccio, University of Catania, Italy</notes><notes>These authors share first authorship</notes><abstract>Objectives:
This study aimed to identify key factors affecting Healthcare workers (HCWs) perceived stress and risk of contracting COVID-19 among themselves and their family members during the pandemic.
Methods:
A cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted between 19 March and April 5, 2020 in Hong Kong. HCWs from public hospitals and private dentists, and their family members participated.
Results:
A total of 747 HCWs and 245 family members participated. Higher perceived stress in HCWs was associated with more negative changes in family relationship (
p
= 0.025). The HCWs’ perceived stress, however, was positively associated with family cohesion (
p
= 0.033) and stress levels of family members (
p
< 0.001). The level of HCWs’ satisfaction toward the hospital policies in response to the COVID-19 outbreak was associated with lower levels of perceived stress and risk of themselves or their family members contracting COVID-19. HCWs’ previous frontline experience of SARS was significantly associated with less perceived risk of themselves or their family members contracting COVID-19.
Conclusion:
Hospital policies addressing HCWs’ needs, frontline experience of SARS, and family relationship influenced psychological wellbeing of HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>Frontiers Media SA</pub><pmid>34744564</pmid><doi>10.3389/ijph.2021.599408</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1661-8564 |
| ispartof | International journal of public health, 2021-03, Vol.66, p.599408-599408 |
| issn | 1661-8564 1661-8556 1661-8564 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8565288 |
| source | Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central; Coronavirus Research Database |
| subjects | Coronaviruses COVID-19 Demographics Dentists Epidemics Health care industry Hospitals Infections Infectious diseases Medical personnel Mental health Pandemics Perceptions Personal protective equipment Questionnaires Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Society Journal Archive Stress Workers |
| title | Multilevel Factors Affecting Healthcare Workers’ Perceived Stress and Risk of Infection During COVID-19 Pandemic |
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