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In vitro reduction of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: Artemisia spp. tea infusions vs. artemisinin
Artemisia annua has a long history of use in Southeast Asia where it was used to treat “fever”, and A. afra has a similar history in southern Africa. Since their discovery, A. annua use, in particular, has expanded globally with millions of people using the plant in therapeutic tea infusions, mainly...
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| Published in: | Journal of ethnopharmacology 2021-03, Vol.268, p.113638-113638, Article 113638 |
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| container_title | Journal of ethnopharmacology |
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| creator | Snider, Danielle Weathers, Pamela J. |
| description | Artemisia annua has a long history of use in Southeast Asia where it was used to treat “fever”, and A. afra has a similar history in southern Africa. Since their discovery, A. annua use, in particular, has expanded globally with millions of people using the plant in therapeutic tea infusions, mainly to treat malaria.
In this study, we used in vitro studies to query if and how A. annua and A. afra tea infusions being used across the globe affect asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasites, and their sexual gametocytes.
P. falciparumstrain NF54 was grown in vitro, synchronized, and induced to form gametocytes using N-acetylglucosamine. Cultures during asexual, early, and late stage gametocytogenesis were treated with artemisinin, methylene blue, and A. annua and A. afra tea infusions (5 g DW/L) using cultivars that contained 0–283 μM artemisinin. Asexual parasitemia and gametocytemia were analyzed microscopically. Gametocyte morphology also was scored. Markers of early (PfGEXP5) and late stage (Pfs25) gametocyte gene expression also were measured using RT-qPCR.
Both A. annua and A. afra tea infusions reduced gametocytemia in vitro, and the effect was mainly artemisinin dependent. Expression levels of both marker genes were reduced and also occurred with the effect mainly attributed to artemisinin content of four tested Artemisia cultivars. Tea infusions of both species also inhibited asexual parasitemia and although mainly artemisinin dependent, there was a weak antiparasitic effect from artemisinin-deficient A. afra.
These results showed that A. annua and to a lesser extent, A. afra, inhibited parasitemia and gametocytemia in vitro.
[Display omitted]
•Artemisia annua and A. afra tea infusions reduced gametocytemia in vitro.•Early and late gametocyte marker genes were also reduced.•Artemisinin-deficient Artemisia sp. were also weakly effective.•Both Artemisia species also reduced trophozoites in vitro. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113638 |
| format | article |
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In this study, we used in vitro studies to query if and how A. annua and A. afra tea infusions being used across the globe affect asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasites, and their sexual gametocytes.
P. falciparumstrain NF54 was grown in vitro, synchronized, and induced to form gametocytes using N-acetylglucosamine. Cultures during asexual, early, and late stage gametocytogenesis were treated with artemisinin, methylene blue, and A. annua and A. afra tea infusions (5 g DW/L) using cultivars that contained 0–283 μM artemisinin. Asexual parasitemia and gametocytemia were analyzed microscopically. Gametocyte morphology also was scored. Markers of early (PfGEXP5) and late stage (Pfs25) gametocyte gene expression also were measured using RT-qPCR.
Both A. annua and A. afra tea infusions reduced gametocytemia in vitro, and the effect was mainly artemisinin dependent. Expression levels of both marker genes were reduced and also occurred with the effect mainly attributed to artemisinin content of four tested Artemisia cultivars. Tea infusions of both species also inhibited asexual parasitemia and although mainly artemisinin dependent, there was a weak antiparasitic effect from artemisinin-deficient A. afra.
These results showed that A. annua and to a lesser extent, A. afra, inhibited parasitemia and gametocytemia in vitro.
[Display omitted]
•Artemisia annua and A. afra tea infusions reduced gametocytemia in vitro.•Early and late gametocyte marker genes were also reduced.•Artemisinin-deficient Artemisia sp. were also weakly effective.•Both Artemisia species also reduced trophozoites in vitro.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0378-8741</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7573</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113638</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33271239</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Artemisia ; Artemisinins - isolation & purification ; Artemisinins - pharmacology ; Germ Cells - drug effects ; Germ Cells - physiology ; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Plasmodium falciparum - drug effects ; Plasmodium falciparum - physiology ; Tea</subject><ispartof>Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2021-03, Vol.268, p.113638-113638, Article 113638</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-8da7844da023aa1b78623b0f7ba7d68eef03b4dc27d583d527ff35c6d3dd334d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-8da7844da023aa1b78623b0f7ba7d68eef03b4dc27d583d527ff35c6d3dd334d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33271239$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Snider, Danielle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weathers, Pamela J.</creatorcontrib><title>In vitro reduction of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: Artemisia spp. tea infusions vs. artemisinin</title><title>Journal of ethnopharmacology</title><addtitle>J Ethnopharmacol</addtitle><description>Artemisia annua has a long history of use in Southeast Asia where it was used to treat “fever”, and A. afra has a similar history in southern Africa. Since their discovery, A. annua use, in particular, has expanded globally with millions of people using the plant in therapeutic tea infusions, mainly to treat malaria.
In this study, we used in vitro studies to query if and how A. annua and A. afra tea infusions being used across the globe affect asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasites, and their sexual gametocytes.
P. falciparumstrain NF54 was grown in vitro, synchronized, and induced to form gametocytes using N-acetylglucosamine. Cultures during asexual, early, and late stage gametocytogenesis were treated with artemisinin, methylene blue, and A. annua and A. afra tea infusions (5 g DW/L) using cultivars that contained 0–283 μM artemisinin. Asexual parasitemia and gametocytemia were analyzed microscopically. Gametocyte morphology also was scored. Markers of early (PfGEXP5) and late stage (Pfs25) gametocyte gene expression also were measured using RT-qPCR.
Both A. annua and A. afra tea infusions reduced gametocytemia in vitro, and the effect was mainly artemisinin dependent. Expression levels of both marker genes were reduced and also occurred with the effect mainly attributed to artemisinin content of four tested Artemisia cultivars. Tea infusions of both species also inhibited asexual parasitemia and although mainly artemisinin dependent, there was a weak antiparasitic effect from artemisinin-deficient A. afra.
These results showed that A. annua and to a lesser extent, A. afra, inhibited parasitemia and gametocytemia in vitro.
[Display omitted]
•Artemisia annua and A. afra tea infusions reduced gametocytemia in vitro.•Early and late gametocyte marker genes were also reduced.•Artemisinin-deficient Artemisia sp. were also weakly effective.•Both Artemisia species also reduced trophozoites in vitro.</description><subject>Artemisia</subject><subject>Artemisinins - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Artemisinins - pharmacology</subject><subject>Germ Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Germ Cells - physiology</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum - drug effects</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum - physiology</subject><subject>Tea</subject><issn>0378-8741</issn><issn>1872-7573</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kU1rHSEUhqW0NLdpf0A2xWU3M_VrRpNCIYSkDQTaRbIWR88kXmZ0os6F_PsY7m1oN12pnPc8enwQOqGkpYT2X7ftFpaWEVbPlPdcvUEbqiRrZCf5W7QhXKpGSUGP0Iect4QQSQV5j444Z5IyfrpBcB3wzpcUcQK32uJjwHHEvyeT5-j8OuPRTNYvJtXtvZmhRPtUIJ_h81Rg9tkbnJelxQUM9mFccyVkvMstNodA8OEjelcxGT4d1mN0d3V5e_Gzufn14_ri_KaxoqOlUc5IJYQzhHFj6CBVz_hARjkY6XoFMBI-CGeZdJ3irmNyHHlne8ed41w4foy-77nLOszgLISSzKSX5GeTnnQ0Xv9bCf5B38edlqrrhGQV8OUASPFxhVx0ncDCNJkAcc2aiV72VJ72pEbpPmpTzDnB-HoNJfpFj97qqke_6NF7PbXn89_ve-3446MGvu0DUH9p5yHpbD0EC84nsEW76P-DfwZ7baNA</recordid><startdate>20210325</startdate><enddate>20210325</enddate><creator>Snider, Danielle</creator><creator>Weathers, Pamela J.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210325</creationdate><title>In vitro reduction of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: Artemisia spp. tea infusions vs. artemisinin</title><author>Snider, Danielle ; Weathers, Pamela J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c451t-8da7844da023aa1b78623b0f7ba7d68eef03b4dc27d583d527ff35c6d3dd334d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Artemisia</topic><topic>Artemisinins - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Artemisinins - pharmacology</topic><topic>Germ Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Germ Cells - physiology</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</topic><topic>Plasmodium falciparum - drug effects</topic><topic>Plasmodium falciparum - physiology</topic><topic>Tea</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Snider, Danielle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weathers, Pamela J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of ethnopharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Snider, Danielle</au><au>Weathers, Pamela J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>In vitro reduction of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: Artemisia spp. tea infusions vs. artemisinin</atitle><jtitle>Journal of ethnopharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>J Ethnopharmacol</addtitle><date>2021-03-25</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>268</volume><spage>113638</spage><epage>113638</epage><pages>113638-113638</pages><artnum>113638</artnum><issn>0378-8741</issn><eissn>1872-7573</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>7. Author contributions</notes><notes>DS designed experiments, conducted experiments, analyzed data, wrote manuscript. PW designed experiments, analyzed data, wrote manuscript.</notes><abstract>Artemisia annua has a long history of use in Southeast Asia where it was used to treat “fever”, and A. afra has a similar history in southern Africa. Since their discovery, A. annua use, in particular, has expanded globally with millions of people using the plant in therapeutic tea infusions, mainly to treat malaria.
In this study, we used in vitro studies to query if and how A. annua and A. afra tea infusions being used across the globe affect asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasites, and their sexual gametocytes.
P. falciparumstrain NF54 was grown in vitro, synchronized, and induced to form gametocytes using N-acetylglucosamine. Cultures during asexual, early, and late stage gametocytogenesis were treated with artemisinin, methylene blue, and A. annua and A. afra tea infusions (5 g DW/L) using cultivars that contained 0–283 μM artemisinin. Asexual parasitemia and gametocytemia were analyzed microscopically. Gametocyte morphology also was scored. Markers of early (PfGEXP5) and late stage (Pfs25) gametocyte gene expression also were measured using RT-qPCR.
Both A. annua and A. afra tea infusions reduced gametocytemia in vitro, and the effect was mainly artemisinin dependent. Expression levels of both marker genes were reduced and also occurred with the effect mainly attributed to artemisinin content of four tested Artemisia cultivars. Tea infusions of both species also inhibited asexual parasitemia and although mainly artemisinin dependent, there was a weak antiparasitic effect from artemisinin-deficient A. afra.
These results showed that A. annua and to a lesser extent, A. afra, inhibited parasitemia and gametocytemia in vitro.
[Display omitted]
•Artemisia annua and A. afra tea infusions reduced gametocytemia in vitro.•Early and late gametocyte marker genes were also reduced.•Artemisinin-deficient Artemisia sp. were also weakly effective.•Both Artemisia species also reduced trophozoites in vitro.</abstract><cop>Ireland</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>33271239</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jep.2020.113638</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 2022-2024 |
| subjects | Artemisia Artemisinins - isolation & purification Artemisinins - pharmacology Germ Cells - drug effects Germ Cells - physiology Plant Extracts - isolation & purification Plant Extracts - pharmacology Plasmodium falciparum - drug effects Plasmodium falciparum - physiology Tea |
| title | In vitro reduction of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: Artemisia spp. tea infusions vs. artemisinin |
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