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COVID-19 convalescent plasma composition and immunological effects in severe patients
Convalescent plasma (CP) has emerged as a treatment for COVID-19. However, the composition and mechanism of action are not fully known. Therefore, we undertook a two-phase controlled study in which, first the immunological and metabolomic status of recovered and severe patients were evaluated. Secon...
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| Published in: | Journal of autoimmunity 2021-03, Vol.118, p.102598-102598, Article 102598 |
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| creator | Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny Monsalve, Diana M. Rojas, Manuel Rodríguez, Yhojan Gallo, Juan Esteban Salazar-Uribe, Juan Carlos Santander, María José Cala, Mónica P. Zapata, Wildeman Zapata, María Isabel Manrique, Rubén Pardo-Oviedo, Juan Mauricio Camacho, Bernardo Ramírez-Santana, Carolina Anaya, Juan-Manuel |
| description | Convalescent plasma (CP) has emerged as a treatment for COVID-19. However, the composition and mechanism of action are not fully known. Therefore, we undertook a two-phase controlled study in which, first the immunological and metabolomic status of recovered and severe patients were evaluated. Secondly, the 28-day effect of CP on the immune response in severe patients was assessed. Nineteen recovered COVID-19 patients, 18 hospitalized patients with severe disease, and 16 pre-pandemic controls were included. Patients with severe disease were treated with CP transfusion and standard therapy (i.e., plasma recipients, n = 9) or standard therapy alone (n = 9). Clinical and biological assessments were done on day 0 and during follow-up on days 4, 7, 14, and 28. Clinical parameters, viral load, total immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), autoantibodies, cytokines, T and B cells, and metabolomic and lipidomic profiles were examined. Total IgG and IgA anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were key factors for CP selection and correlated with NAbs. In severe COVID-19 patients, mostly interleukin (IL)-6 (P = |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102598 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7826092</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0896841121000068</els_id><sourcerecordid>2485517673</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-5f6d9b8fcf026bf9db0fb1d59bbfefc525527b4c3718d3f88bc8041d4e5eb5483</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kUtr3DAUhUVoSKZp_0AXxctuPJVkX1uCUijTVyCQTdOt0OMq1WBbrmQP9N9Hw6Sh3WQluDrn3Mv5CHnD6JZR1r3fb_d6XbacclYGHKQ4IxtGJdSSQf-CbKiQXS1axi7Jy5z3lDIGABfksmmAt6LvNuRud_vz-nPNZGXjdNADZovTUs2DzqMus3GOOSwhTpWeXBXGcZ3iEO-D1UOF3qNdchWmKuMBE1azXkKx51fk3Osh4-vH94rcff3yY_e9vrn9dr37dFPbFmCpwXdOGuGtp7wzXjpDvWEOpDEevQUOwHvT2qZnwjVeCGMFbZlrEdBAK5or8vGUO69mRHc8PelBzSmMOv1RUQf1_88Ufqn7eFC94B2VvAS8ewxI8feKeVFjKA0Mg54wrlmVlgBY3_VNkfKT1KaYc0L_tIZRdeSh9urIQx15qBOPYnr774FPlr8AiuDDSYClpkPApLItFVp0IZVylYvhufwHBJ2euA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2485517673</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>COVID-19 convalescent plasma composition and immunological effects in severe patients</title><source>ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny ; Monsalve, Diana M. ; Rojas, Manuel ; Rodríguez, Yhojan ; Gallo, Juan Esteban ; Salazar-Uribe, Juan Carlos ; Santander, María José ; Cala, Mónica P. ; Zapata, Wildeman ; Zapata, María Isabel ; Manrique, Rubén ; Pardo-Oviedo, Juan Mauricio ; Camacho, Bernardo ; Ramírez-Santana, Carolina ; Anaya, Juan-Manuel</creator><creatorcontrib>Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny ; Monsalve, Diana M. ; Rojas, Manuel ; Rodríguez, Yhojan ; Gallo, Juan Esteban ; Salazar-Uribe, Juan Carlos ; Santander, María José ; Cala, Mónica P. ; Zapata, Wildeman ; Zapata, María Isabel ; Manrique, Rubén ; Pardo-Oviedo, Juan Mauricio ; Camacho, Bernardo ; Ramírez-Santana, Carolina ; Anaya, Juan-Manuel ; the CP-COVID-19 group ; CP-COVID-19 group</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[Convalescent plasma (CP) has emerged as a treatment for COVID-19. However, the composition and mechanism of action are not fully known. Therefore, we undertook a two-phase controlled study in which, first the immunological and metabolomic status of recovered and severe patients were evaluated. Secondly, the 28-day effect of CP on the immune response in severe patients was assessed. Nineteen recovered COVID-19 patients, 18 hospitalized patients with severe disease, and 16 pre-pandemic controls were included. Patients with severe disease were treated with CP transfusion and standard therapy (i.e., plasma recipients, n = 9) or standard therapy alone (n = 9). Clinical and biological assessments were done on day 0 and during follow-up on days 4, 7, 14, and 28. Clinical parameters, viral load, total immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), autoantibodies, cytokines, T and B cells, and metabolomic and lipidomic profiles were examined. Total IgG and IgA anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were key factors for CP selection and correlated with NAbs. In severe COVID-19 patients, mostly interleukin (IL)-6 (P = <0.0001), IL-10 (P = <0.0001), IP-10 (P = <0.0001), fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids were higher than in recovered patients. Latent autoimmunity and anti–IFN–α antibodies were observed in both recovered and severe patients. COVID-19 CP induced an early but transient cytokine profile modification and increases IgG anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. At day 28 post-transfusion, a decrease in activated, effector and effector memory CD4+ (P < 0.05) and activated and effector CD8+ (P < 0.01) T cells and naïve B cells (P = 0.001), and an increase in non-classical memory B cells (P=<0.0001) and central memory CD4+ T cells (P = 0.0252) were observed. Moreover, IL-6/IFN-γ (P = 0.0089) and IL-6/IL-10 (P = 0.0180) ratios decreased in plasma recipients compared to those who received standard therapy alone. These results may have therapeutic implications and justify further post-COVID-19 studies.
•Serum from recovered patients discloses a different composition than that from patients with severe disease.•Latent autoimmunity and anti–IFN–α antibodies are observed in COVID-19.•COVID-19 CP induces an early but transient effect on antibody and cytokine profile of patients with severe disease .•CP decreases activated and effector T cells, and increases memory immune cells.•CP reduces the IL-6/IFN-γ and IL-6/IL-10 ratios.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0896-8411</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1095-9157</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9157</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102598</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33524876</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; Autoantibodies ; B-Lymphocytes - metabolism ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism ; Convalescent plasma ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - blood ; COVID-19 - therapy ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Cytokines ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Interleukin-10 - blood ; Interleukin-6 - blood ; Male ; Memory cells ; Metabolomic profile ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index</subject><ispartof>Journal of autoimmunity, 2021-03, Vol.118, p.102598-102598, Article 102598</ispartof><rights>2021 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2021 The Authors 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-5f6d9b8fcf026bf9db0fb1d59bbfefc525527b4c3718d3f88bc8041d4e5eb5483</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-5f6d9b8fcf026bf9db0fb1d59bbfefc525527b4c3718d3f88bc8041d4e5eb5483</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33524876$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Monsalve, Diana M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez, Yhojan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallo, Juan Esteban</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salazar-Uribe, Juan Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santander, María José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cala, Mónica P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zapata, Wildeman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zapata, María Isabel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manrique, Rubén</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pardo-Oviedo, Juan Mauricio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Camacho, Bernardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramírez-Santana, Carolina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anaya, Juan-Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>the CP-COVID-19 group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CP-COVID-19 group</creatorcontrib><title>COVID-19 convalescent plasma composition and immunological effects in severe patients</title><title>Journal of autoimmunity</title><addtitle>J Autoimmun</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Convalescent plasma (CP) has emerged as a treatment for COVID-19. However, the composition and mechanism of action are not fully known. Therefore, we undertook a two-phase controlled study in which, first the immunological and metabolomic status of recovered and severe patients were evaluated. Secondly, the 28-day effect of CP on the immune response in severe patients was assessed. Nineteen recovered COVID-19 patients, 18 hospitalized patients with severe disease, and 16 pre-pandemic controls were included. Patients with severe disease were treated with CP transfusion and standard therapy (i.e., plasma recipients, n = 9) or standard therapy alone (n = 9). Clinical and biological assessments were done on day 0 and during follow-up on days 4, 7, 14, and 28. Clinical parameters, viral load, total immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), autoantibodies, cytokines, T and B cells, and metabolomic and lipidomic profiles were examined. Total IgG and IgA anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were key factors for CP selection and correlated with NAbs. In severe COVID-19 patients, mostly interleukin (IL)-6 (P = <0.0001), IL-10 (P = <0.0001), IP-10 (P = <0.0001), fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids were higher than in recovered patients. Latent autoimmunity and anti–IFN–α antibodies were observed in both recovered and severe patients. COVID-19 CP induced an early but transient cytokine profile modification and increases IgG anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. At day 28 post-transfusion, a decrease in activated, effector and effector memory CD4+ (P < 0.05) and activated and effector CD8+ (P < 0.01) T cells and naïve B cells (P = 0.001), and an increase in non-classical memory B cells (P=<0.0001) and central memory CD4+ T cells (P = 0.0252) were observed. Moreover, IL-6/IFN-γ (P = 0.0089) and IL-6/IL-10 (P = 0.0180) ratios decreased in plasma recipients compared to those who received standard therapy alone. These results may have therapeutic implications and justify further post-COVID-19 studies.
•Serum from recovered patients discloses a different composition than that from patients with severe disease.•Latent autoimmunity and anti–IFN–α antibodies are observed in COVID-19.•COVID-19 CP induces an early but transient effect on antibody and cytokine profile of patients with severe disease .•CP decreases activated and effector T cells, and increases memory immune cells.•CP reduces the IL-6/IFN-γ and IL-6/IL-10 ratios.]]></description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - blood</subject><subject>Autoantibodies</subject><subject>B-Lymphocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Convalescent plasma</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - blood</subject><subject>COVID-19 - therapy</subject><subject>COVID-19 Serotherapy</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunization, Passive</subject><subject>Interleukin-10 - blood</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory cells</subject><subject>Metabolomic profile</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><issn>0896-8411</issn><issn>1095-9157</issn><issn>1095-9157</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kUtr3DAUhUVoSKZp_0AXxctuPJVkX1uCUijTVyCQTdOt0OMq1WBbrmQP9N9Hw6Sh3WQluDrn3Mv5CHnD6JZR1r3fb_d6XbacclYGHKQ4IxtGJdSSQf-CbKiQXS1axi7Jy5z3lDIGABfksmmAt6LvNuRud_vz-nPNZGXjdNADZovTUs2DzqMus3GOOSwhTpWeXBXGcZ3iEO-D1UOF3qNdchWmKuMBE1azXkKx51fk3Osh4-vH94rcff3yY_e9vrn9dr37dFPbFmCpwXdOGuGtp7wzXjpDvWEOpDEevQUOwHvT2qZnwjVeCGMFbZlrEdBAK5or8vGUO69mRHc8PelBzSmMOv1RUQf1_88Ufqn7eFC94B2VvAS8ewxI8feKeVFjKA0Mg54wrlmVlgBY3_VNkfKT1KaYc0L_tIZRdeSh9urIQx15qBOPYnr774FPlr8AiuDDSYClpkPApLItFVp0IZVylYvhufwHBJ2euA</recordid><startdate>20210301</startdate><enddate>20210301</enddate><creator>Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny</creator><creator>Monsalve, Diana M.</creator><creator>Rojas, Manuel</creator><creator>Rodríguez, Yhojan</creator><creator>Gallo, Juan Esteban</creator><creator>Salazar-Uribe, Juan Carlos</creator><creator>Santander, María José</creator><creator>Cala, Mónica P.</creator><creator>Zapata, Wildeman</creator><creator>Zapata, María Isabel</creator><creator>Manrique, Rubén</creator><creator>Pardo-Oviedo, Juan Mauricio</creator><creator>Camacho, Bernardo</creator><creator>Ramírez-Santana, Carolina</creator><creator>Anaya, Juan-Manuel</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210301</creationdate><title>COVID-19 convalescent plasma composition and immunological effects in severe patients</title><author>Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny ; Monsalve, Diana M. ; Rojas, Manuel ; Rodríguez, Yhojan ; Gallo, Juan Esteban ; Salazar-Uribe, Juan Carlos ; Santander, María José ; Cala, Mónica P. ; Zapata, Wildeman ; Zapata, María Isabel ; Manrique, Rubén ; Pardo-Oviedo, Juan Mauricio ; Camacho, Bernardo ; Ramírez-Santana, Carolina ; Anaya, Juan-Manuel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c455t-5f6d9b8fcf026bf9db0fb1d59bbfefc525527b4c3718d3f88bc8041d4e5eb5483</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - blood</topic><topic>Autoantibodies</topic><topic>B-Lymphocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Convalescent plasma</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - blood</topic><topic>COVID-19 - therapy</topic><topic>COVID-19 Serotherapy</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunization, Passive</topic><topic>Interleukin-10 - blood</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Memory cells</topic><topic>Metabolomic profile</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Monsalve, Diana M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez, Yhojan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallo, Juan Esteban</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salazar-Uribe, Juan Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santander, María José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cala, Mónica P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zapata, Wildeman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zapata, María Isabel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manrique, Rubén</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pardo-Oviedo, Juan Mauricio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Camacho, Bernardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramírez-Santana, Carolina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anaya, Juan-Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>the CP-COVID-19 group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CP-COVID-19 group</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of autoimmunity</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Acosta-Ampudia, Yeny</au><au>Monsalve, Diana M.</au><au>Rojas, Manuel</au><au>Rodríguez, Yhojan</au><au>Gallo, Juan Esteban</au><au>Salazar-Uribe, Juan Carlos</au><au>Santander, María José</au><au>Cala, Mónica P.</au><au>Zapata, Wildeman</au><au>Zapata, María Isabel</au><au>Manrique, Rubén</au><au>Pardo-Oviedo, Juan Mauricio</au><au>Camacho, Bernardo</au><au>Ramírez-Santana, Carolina</au><au>Anaya, Juan-Manuel</au><aucorp>the CP-COVID-19 group</aucorp><aucorp>CP-COVID-19 group</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>COVID-19 convalescent plasma composition and immunological effects in severe patients</atitle><jtitle>Journal of autoimmunity</jtitle><addtitle>J Autoimmun</addtitle><date>2021-03-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>118</volume><spage>102598</spage><epage>102598</epage><pages>102598-102598</pages><artnum>102598</artnum><issn>0896-8411</issn><issn>1095-9157</issn><eissn>1095-9157</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-2</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-1</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>These authors contributed equally to this article.</notes><abstract><![CDATA[Convalescent plasma (CP) has emerged as a treatment for COVID-19. However, the composition and mechanism of action are not fully known. Therefore, we undertook a two-phase controlled study in which, first the immunological and metabolomic status of recovered and severe patients were evaluated. Secondly, the 28-day effect of CP on the immune response in severe patients was assessed. Nineteen recovered COVID-19 patients, 18 hospitalized patients with severe disease, and 16 pre-pandemic controls were included. Patients with severe disease were treated with CP transfusion and standard therapy (i.e., plasma recipients, n = 9) or standard therapy alone (n = 9). Clinical and biological assessments were done on day 0 and during follow-up on days 4, 7, 14, and 28. Clinical parameters, viral load, total immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), autoantibodies, cytokines, T and B cells, and metabolomic and lipidomic profiles were examined. Total IgG and IgA anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were key factors for CP selection and correlated with NAbs. In severe COVID-19 patients, mostly interleukin (IL)-6 (P = <0.0001), IL-10 (P = <0.0001), IP-10 (P = <0.0001), fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids were higher than in recovered patients. Latent autoimmunity and anti–IFN–α antibodies were observed in both recovered and severe patients. COVID-19 CP induced an early but transient cytokine profile modification and increases IgG anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. At day 28 post-transfusion, a decrease in activated, effector and effector memory CD4+ (P < 0.05) and activated and effector CD8+ (P < 0.01) T cells and naïve B cells (P = 0.001), and an increase in non-classical memory B cells (P=<0.0001) and central memory CD4+ T cells (P = 0.0252) were observed. Moreover, IL-6/IFN-γ (P = 0.0089) and IL-6/IL-10 (P = 0.0180) ratios decreased in plasma recipients compared to those who received standard therapy alone. These results may have therapeutic implications and justify further post-COVID-19 studies.
•Serum from recovered patients discloses a different composition than that from patients with severe disease.•Latent autoimmunity and anti–IFN–α antibodies are observed in COVID-19.•COVID-19 CP induces an early but transient effect on antibody and cytokine profile of patients with severe disease .•CP decreases activated and effector T cells, and increases memory immune cells.•CP reduces the IL-6/IFN-γ and IL-6/IL-10 ratios.]]></abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>33524876</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102598</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0896-8411 |
| ispartof | Journal of autoimmunity, 2021-03, Vol.118, p.102598-102598, Article 102598 |
| issn | 0896-8411 1095-9157 1095-9157 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7826092 |
| source | ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Adult Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood Antibodies, Viral - blood Autoantibodies B-Lymphocytes - metabolism CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - metabolism Convalescent plasma COVID-19 COVID-19 - blood COVID-19 - therapy COVID-19 Serotherapy Cytokines Female Humans Immunization, Passive Interleukin-10 - blood Interleukin-6 - blood Male Memory cells Metabolomic profile Middle Aged SARS-CoV-2 Severity of Illness Index |
| title | COVID-19 convalescent plasma composition and immunological effects in severe patients |
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