Systemic and Target-Site Pharmacokinetics of Antiparasitic Agents

About one-sixth of the world’s population is affected by a neglected tropical disease as defined by the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control. Parasitic diseases comprise most of the neglected tropical disease list and they are causing enormous amounts of disability, morbidity, mo...

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Published in:Clinical pharmacokinetics 2020-07, Vol.59 (7), p.827-847
Main Authors: al Jalali, Valentin, Zeitlinger, Markus
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antiparasitic agents
Disease control
Drug dosages
Internal Medicine
Lipids
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mortality
Oral administration
Parasitic diseases
Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Pharmacotherapy
Plasma
Pleural effusion
Review
Review Article
Tropical diseases
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container_title Clinical pharmacokinetics
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creator al Jalali, Valentin
Zeitlinger, Markus
description About one-sixth of the world’s population is affected by a neglected tropical disease as defined by the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control. Parasitic diseases comprise most of the neglected tropical disease list and they are causing enormous amounts of disability, morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. The burden of disease of the top five parasitic diseases has been estimated to amount to a total 23 million disability-adjusted life-years. Despite the massive health and economic impact, most drugs currently used for the treatment of parasitic diseases have been developed decades ago and insufficient novel drugs are being developed. The current review provides a compilation of the systemic and target-site pharmacokinetics of established antiparasitic drugs. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs allows for the examination and possibly optimization of existing dosing schemes. Many symptoms of parasitic diseases are caused by parasites residing in different host tissues. Penetration of the antiparasitic drug into these tissues, the target site of infection, is a prerequisite for a successful treatment of the disease. Therefore, for the examination and improvement of established dosing regimens, not only the plasma but also the tissue pharmacokinetics of the drug have to be considered. For the current paper, almost 7000 scientific articles were identified and screened from which 429 were reviewed in detail and 100 were included in this paper. Systemic pharmacokinetics are available for most antiparasitic drugs but in many cases, not for all the relevant patient populations and only for single- or multiple-dose administration. Systemic pharmacokinetic data in patients with organ impairment and target-site pharmacokinetic data for relevant tissues and body fluids are mostly lacking. To improve the treatment of patients with parasitic diseases, research in these areas is urgently needed.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s40262-020-00871-5
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source Nexis UK; Springer Link
subjects Antiparasitic agents
Disease control
Drug dosages
Internal Medicine
Lipids
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mortality
Oral administration
Parasitic diseases
Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Pharmacotherapy
Plasma
Pleural effusion
Review
Review Article
Tropical diseases
title Systemic and Target-Site Pharmacokinetics of Antiparasitic Agents
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