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Predicting sedimentary bedrock subsurface weathering fronts and weathering rates
Although bedrock weathering strongly influences water quality and global carbon and nitrogen budgets, the weathering depths and rates within subsurface are not well understood nor predictable. Determination of both porewater chemistry and subsurface water flow are needed in order to develop more com...
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| Published in: | Scientific reports 2019-11, Vol.9 (1), p.17198-10, Article 17198 |
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| creator | Wan, Jiamin Tokunaga, Tetsu K Williams, Kenneth H Dong, Wenming Brown, Wendy Henderson, Amanda N Newman, Alexander W Hubbard, Susan S |
| description | Although bedrock weathering strongly influences water quality and global carbon and nitrogen budgets, the weathering depths and rates within subsurface are not well understood nor predictable. Determination of both porewater chemistry and subsurface water flow are needed in order to develop more complete understanding and obtain weathering rates. In a long-term field study, we applied a multiphase approach along a mountainous watershed hillslope transect underlain by marine shale. Here we report three findings. First, the deepest extent of the water table determines the weathering front, and the range of annually water table oscillations determines the thickness of the weathering zone. Below the lowest water table, permanently water-saturated bedrock remains reducing, preventing deeper pyrite oxidation. Secondly, carbonate minerals and potentially rock organic matter share the same weathering front depth with pyrite, contrary to models where weathering fronts are stratified. Thirdly, the measurements-based weathering rates from subsurface shale are high, amounting to base cation exports of about 70 kmol
ha
y
, yet consistent with weathering of marine shale. Finally, by integrating geochemical and hydrological data we present a new conceptual model that can be applied in other settings to predict weathering and water quality responses to climate change. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-019-53205-2 |
| format | article |
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ha
y
, yet consistent with weathering of marine shale. Finally, by integrating geochemical and hydrological data we present a new conceptual model that can be applied in other settings to predict weathering and water quality responses to climate change.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53205-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31748585</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Nature Publishing Group</publisher><subject>Climate change ; element cycles ; GEOSCIENCES ; hydrology ; Minerals ; Organic matter ; Oscillations ; Oxidation ; Pyrite ; Shale ; Water flow ; Water quality ; Water table ; Weathering</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2019-11, Vol.9 (1), p.17198-10, Article 17198</ispartof><rights>2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-d91b9c848a13f6b9cecfcaf5e7503616efbbb057b62c5c4cd14113fcb8f4f2eb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-d91b9c848a13f6b9cecfcaf5e7503616efbbb057b62c5c4cd14113fcb8f4f2eb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2316418532/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2316418532?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,733,786,790,891,25783,27957,27958,37047,44625,53827,53829,75483</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31748585$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1581391$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wan, Jiamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tokunaga, Tetsu K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Kenneth H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Wenming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Wendy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henderson, Amanda N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newman, Alexander W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hubbard, Susan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Predicting sedimentary bedrock subsurface weathering fronts and weathering rates</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Although bedrock weathering strongly influences water quality and global carbon and nitrogen budgets, the weathering depths and rates within subsurface are not well understood nor predictable. Determination of both porewater chemistry and subsurface water flow are needed in order to develop more complete understanding and obtain weathering rates. In a long-term field study, we applied a multiphase approach along a mountainous watershed hillslope transect underlain by marine shale. Here we report three findings. First, the deepest extent of the water table determines the weathering front, and the range of annually water table oscillations determines the thickness of the weathering zone. Below the lowest water table, permanently water-saturated bedrock remains reducing, preventing deeper pyrite oxidation. Secondly, carbonate minerals and potentially rock organic matter share the same weathering front depth with pyrite, contrary to models where weathering fronts are stratified. Thirdly, the measurements-based weathering rates from subsurface shale are high, amounting to base cation exports of about 70 kmol
ha
y
, yet consistent with weathering of marine shale. 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Tokunaga, Tetsu K ; Williams, Kenneth H ; Dong, Wenming ; Brown, Wendy ; Henderson, Amanda N ; Newman, Alexander W ; Hubbard, Susan S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c457t-d91b9c848a13f6b9cecfcaf5e7503616efbbb057b62c5c4cd14113fcb8f4f2eb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>element cycles</topic><topic>GEOSCIENCES</topic><topic>hydrology</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>Organic matter</topic><topic>Oscillations</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Pyrite</topic><topic>Shale</topic><topic>Water flow</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water table</topic><topic>Weathering</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wan, Jiamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tokunaga, Tetsu K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Kenneth H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Wenming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Wendy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henderson, Amanda N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newman, Alexander W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hubbard, Susan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Proquest)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Science Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV - Hybrid</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wan, Jiamin</au><au>Tokunaga, Tetsu K</au><au>Williams, Kenneth H</au><au>Dong, Wenming</au><au>Brown, Wendy</au><au>Henderson, Amanda N</au><au>Newman, Alexander W</au><au>Hubbard, Susan S</au><aucorp>Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Predicting sedimentary bedrock subsurface weathering fronts and weathering rates</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2019-11-20</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>17198</spage><epage>10</epage><pages>17198-10</pages><artnum>17198</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><notes>AC02-05CH11231</notes><notes>USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)</notes><abstract>Although bedrock weathering strongly influences water quality and global carbon and nitrogen budgets, the weathering depths and rates within subsurface are not well understood nor predictable. Determination of both porewater chemistry and subsurface water flow are needed in order to develop more complete understanding and obtain weathering rates. In a long-term field study, we applied a multiphase approach along a mountainous watershed hillslope transect underlain by marine shale. Here we report three findings. First, the deepest extent of the water table determines the weathering front, and the range of annually water table oscillations determines the thickness of the weathering zone. Below the lowest water table, permanently water-saturated bedrock remains reducing, preventing deeper pyrite oxidation. Secondly, carbonate minerals and potentially rock organic matter share the same weathering front depth with pyrite, contrary to models where weathering fronts are stratified. Thirdly, the measurements-based weathering rates from subsurface shale are high, amounting to base cation exports of about 70 kmol
ha
y
, yet consistent with weathering of marine shale. Finally, by integrating geochemical and hydrological data we present a new conceptual model that can be applied in other settings to predict weathering and water quality responses to climate change.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group</pub><pmid>31748585</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-019-53205-2</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Scientific reports, 2019-11, Vol.9 (1), p.17198-10, Article 17198 |
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| source | PubMed (Medline); Nature Open Access; ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Climate change element cycles GEOSCIENCES hydrology Minerals Organic matter Oscillations Oxidation Pyrite Shale Water flow Water quality Water table Weathering |
| title | Predicting sedimentary bedrock subsurface weathering fronts and weathering rates |
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