The influence of oxidative stress and autophagy cross regulation on pregnancy outcome

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a byproduct of aerobic energy metabolism, is maintained at physiological levels by the activity of antioxidant components. Insufficiently opposed ROS results in oxidative stress characterized by altered mitochondrial function, decreased protein activi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell Stress & Chaperones 2016-09, Vol.21 (5), p.755-762
Main Authors: de Andrade Ramos, Bruna Ribeiro, Witkin, Steven S.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Autophagy
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
Cell Biology
Cellular senescence
Female
Fetal growth retardation
Fetal Growth Retardation - metabolism
Fetal Growth Retardation - pathology
Humans
Immunology
MINI REVIEW
Neurosciences
Oxidative Stress
Physiological regulation
Placenta
Pre-Eclampsia - metabolism
Pre-Eclampsia - pathology
Preeclampsia
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Outcome
Premature Birth - metabolism
Premature Birth - pathology
Premature obstetric labor
Reactive oxygen species
Trophoblasts
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Summary:The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a byproduct of aerobic energy metabolism, is maintained at physiological levels by the activity of antioxidant components. Insufficiently opposed ROS results in oxidative stress characterized by altered mitochondrial function, decreased protein activity, damage to nucleic acids, and induction of apoptosis. Elevated levels of inadequately opposed ROS induce autophagy, a major intracellular pathway that sequesters and removes damaged macromolecules and organelles. In early pregnancy, autophagy induction preserves trophoblast function in the low oxygen and utrient placental environment. Inadequate regulation of the ROS-autophagy axis leads to abnormal autophagy activity and ontributes to the development of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. ROS-autophagy interactions are altered at the end of gestation and participate in the initiation of parturition at term. The induction of high levels of ROS coupled with a failure to induce a corresponding increase in autophagy results in the triggering of preterm labor and delivery.
ISSN:1355-8145
1466-1268
DOI:10.1007/s12192-016-0715-3