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Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: correlation with microvessel density
Cyclooxygenases (COX) are key enzymes for conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is the enzyme responsible for formation of nitric oxide. Both have constitutive and inducible isoforms. The inducible isoforms (iNOS and COX-2) are of great interest as regulators...
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Published in: | World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 2004-07, Vol.10 (13), p.1918-1922 |
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container_end_page | 1922 |
container_issue | 13 |
container_start_page | 1918 |
container_title | World journal of gastroenterology : WJG |
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creator | Kasper, Hans-U Wolf, Hella Drebber, Uta Wolf, Helmut-K Kern, Michael-A |
description | Cyclooxygenases (COX) are key enzymes for conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is the enzyme responsible for formation of nitric oxide. Both have constitutive and inducible isoforms. The inducible isoforms (iNOS and COX-2) are of great interest as regulators of tumor angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and inflammatory processes. This study was to clarify their role in pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
We investigated the immunohistochemical iNOS and COX-2 expression in 40 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas of different grade and stage. The results were compared with microvessel density and clinicopathological data.
Twenty-one (52.5%) of the cases showed iNOS expression, 15 (37.5%) of the cases were positive for COX-2. The immunoreaction was heterogeneously distributed within the tumors. Staining intensity was different between the tumors. No correlation between iNOS and COX-2 expression was seen. There was no relationship with microvessel density. However, iNOS positive tumors developed more often distant metastases and the more malignant tumors showed a higher COX-2 expression. There was no correlation with other clinicopathological data.
Approximately half of the cases expressed iNOS and COX-2. These two enzymes do not seem to be the key step in angiogenesis or carcinogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Due to a low prevalence of COX-2 expression, chemoprevention of pancreatic carcinomas by COX-2 inhibitors can only achieve a limited success. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3748/wjg.v10.i13.1918 |
format | article |
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We investigated the immunohistochemical iNOS and COX-2 expression in 40 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas of different grade and stage. The results were compared with microvessel density and clinicopathological data.
Twenty-one (52.5%) of the cases showed iNOS expression, 15 (37.5%) of the cases were positive for COX-2. The immunoreaction was heterogeneously distributed within the tumors. Staining intensity was different between the tumors. No correlation between iNOS and COX-2 expression was seen. There was no relationship with microvessel density. However, iNOS positive tumors developed more often distant metastases and the more malignant tumors showed a higher COX-2 expression. There was no correlation with other clinicopathological data.
Approximately half of the cases expressed iNOS and COX-2. These two enzymes do not seem to be the key step in angiogenesis or carcinogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Due to a low prevalence of COX-2 expression, chemoprevention of pancreatic carcinomas by COX-2 inhibitors can only achieve a limited success.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1007-9327</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2219-2840</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i13.1918</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15222037</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Department of Pathology,University of Cologne,Germany</publisher><subject>Adenocarcinoma - blood supply ; Adenocarcinoma - metabolism ; Adenocarcinoma - pathology ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Basic Research ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Isoenzymes - metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; Microcirculation ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Pancreas - blood supply ; Pancreas - enzymology ; Pancreas - pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms - blood supply ; Pancreatic Neoplasms - metabolism ; Pancreatic Neoplasms - pathology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases - metabolism</subject><ispartof>World journal of gastroenterology : WJG, 2004-07, Vol.10 (13), p.1918-1922</ispartof><rights>Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2004. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. 2004</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-ccd06fd4e198df6f08103c39dc1672c548ff9f677b2736ea5c4f90d2ab1ea9aa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-ccd06fd4e198df6f08103c39dc1672c548ff9f677b2736ea5c4f90d2ab1ea9aa3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/images/PeriodicalImages/wjg/wjg.jpg</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4572231/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4572231/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,733,786,790,891,27957,27958,53827,53829</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15222037$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kasper, Hans-U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolf, Hella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drebber, Uta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolf, Helmut-K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kern, Michael-A</creatorcontrib><title>Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: correlation with microvessel density</title><title>World journal of gastroenterology : WJG</title><addtitle>World J Gastroenterol</addtitle><description>Cyclooxygenases (COX) are key enzymes for conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is the enzyme responsible for formation of nitric oxide. Both have constitutive and inducible isoforms. The inducible isoforms (iNOS and COX-2) are of great interest as regulators of tumor angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and inflammatory processes. This study was to clarify their role in pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
We investigated the immunohistochemical iNOS and COX-2 expression in 40 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas of different grade and stage. The results were compared with microvessel density and clinicopathological data.
Twenty-one (52.5%) of the cases showed iNOS expression, 15 (37.5%) of the cases were positive for COX-2. The immunoreaction was heterogeneously distributed within the tumors. Staining intensity was different between the tumors. No correlation between iNOS and COX-2 expression was seen. There was no relationship with microvessel density. However, iNOS positive tumors developed more often distant metastases and the more malignant tumors showed a higher COX-2 expression. There was no correlation with other clinicopathological data.
Approximately half of the cases expressed iNOS and COX-2. These two enzymes do not seem to be the key step in angiogenesis or carcinogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Due to a low prevalence of COX-2 expression, chemoprevention of pancreatic carcinomas by COX-2 inhibitors can only achieve a limited success.</description><subject>Adenocarcinoma - blood supply</subject><subject>Adenocarcinoma - metabolism</subject><subject>Adenocarcinoma - pathology</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Basic Research</subject><subject>Cyclooxygenase 2</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>Isoenzymes - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins</subject><subject>Microcirculation</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II</subject><subject>Pancreas - blood supply</subject><subject>Pancreas - enzymology</subject><subject>Pancreas - pathology</subject><subject>Pancreatic Neoplasms - blood supply</subject><subject>Pancreatic Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Pancreatic Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases - metabolism</subject><issn>1007-9327</issn><issn>2219-2840</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpVkctqGzEUhkVoSdw0-6yCFt2Oq8vMaCaLQAnpBQLdtGtxfCTZMmPJSOPLPEDeuzIOabsS0vkvR3yE3HI2l6ruPh_Wy_m-XDyXc97z7oLMhOB9JbqavSMzzpiqeinUFfmQ85oxIWUjLskVb4QQTKoZeXk6bpPN2cdAo6M-mB36xWBp8GPySOPRG0vzFMYVZEshGIoTDjEep6UN5akSxUS3EDBZGIsDjA0RIaEPcQP3FGNKdiij0nDw44puPKa4L512oEWb_Th9JO8dDNnevJ7X5PfXp1-P36vnn99-PH55rrAWfKwQDWudqS3vO-NaxzrOJMreIG-VwKbunOtdq9RCKNlaaLB2PTMCFtxCDyCvycM5d7tbbKxBG8YEg94mv4E06Qhe_z8JfqWXca_rRgkheQn4dA44QHAQlnoddymUlXVBIRiruWRcFRk7y8pPc07WvVVwpk_kTnJdyOlCTp_IFcvdv6v9Nbyikn8A3DObGQ</recordid><startdate>20040701</startdate><enddate>20040701</enddate><creator>Kasper, Hans-U</creator><creator>Wolf, Hella</creator><creator>Drebber, Uta</creator><creator>Wolf, Helmut-K</creator><creator>Kern, Michael-A</creator><general>Department of Pathology,University of Cologne,Germany</general><general>Center of Molecular Medicine of the University of Cologne,Germany%Department of Pathology,University of Magdeburg,Germany%Department of Pathology,University of Cologne,Germany%Department of Pathology,Johannes-Gutenberg,University of Mainz,Germany</general><general>Baishideng Publishing Group Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>2B.</scope><scope>4A8</scope><scope>92I</scope><scope>93N</scope><scope>PSX</scope><scope>TCJ</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20040701</creationdate><title>Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: correlation with microvessel density</title><author>Kasper, Hans-U ; Wolf, Hella ; Drebber, Uta ; Wolf, Helmut-K ; Kern, Michael-A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-ccd06fd4e198df6f08103c39dc1672c548ff9f677b2736ea5c4f90d2ab1ea9aa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>Adenocarcinoma - blood supply</topic><topic>Adenocarcinoma - metabolism</topic><topic>Adenocarcinoma - pathology</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Basic Research</topic><topic>Cyclooxygenase 2</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry</topic><topic>Isoenzymes - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Membrane Proteins</topic><topic>Microcirculation</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II</topic><topic>Pancreas - blood supply</topic><topic>Pancreas - enzymology</topic><topic>Pancreas - pathology</topic><topic>Pancreatic Neoplasms - blood supply</topic><topic>Pancreatic Neoplasms - metabolism</topic><topic>Pancreatic Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases - metabolism</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kasper, Hans-U</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolf, Hella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drebber, Uta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolf, Helmut-K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kern, Michael-A</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Wanfang Data Journals - Hong Kong</collection><collection>WANFANG Data Centre</collection><collection>Wanfang Data Journals</collection><collection>万方数据期刊 - 香港版</collection><collection>China Online Journals (COJ)</collection><collection>China Online Journals (COJ)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>World journal of gastroenterology : WJG</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kasper, Hans-U</au><au>Wolf, Hella</au><au>Drebber, Uta</au><au>Wolf, Helmut-K</au><au>Kern, Michael-A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: correlation with microvessel density</atitle><jtitle>World journal of gastroenterology : WJG</jtitle><addtitle>World J Gastroenterol</addtitle><date>2004-07-01</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>13</issue><spage>1918</spage><epage>1922</epage><pages>1918-1922</pages><issn>1007-9327</issn><eissn>2219-2840</eissn><notes>Telephone: +49-221-4787223 Fax: +49-221-478-6360</notes><notes>Correspondence to: Dr. Hans U. Kasper, Department of Pathology, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, D-50931 Koeln, Germany. hans-udo.kasper@uni-koeln.de</notes><notes>Author contributions: All authors contributed equally to the work.</notes><abstract>Cyclooxygenases (COX) are key enzymes for conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is the enzyme responsible for formation of nitric oxide. Both have constitutive and inducible isoforms. The inducible isoforms (iNOS and COX-2) are of great interest as regulators of tumor angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and inflammatory processes. This study was to clarify their role in pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
We investigated the immunohistochemical iNOS and COX-2 expression in 40 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas of different grade and stage. The results were compared with microvessel density and clinicopathological data.
Twenty-one (52.5%) of the cases showed iNOS expression, 15 (37.5%) of the cases were positive for COX-2. The immunoreaction was heterogeneously distributed within the tumors. Staining intensity was different between the tumors. No correlation between iNOS and COX-2 expression was seen. There was no relationship with microvessel density. However, iNOS positive tumors developed more often distant metastases and the more malignant tumors showed a higher COX-2 expression. There was no correlation with other clinicopathological data.
Approximately half of the cases expressed iNOS and COX-2. These two enzymes do not seem to be the key step in angiogenesis or carcinogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Due to a low prevalence of COX-2 expression, chemoprevention of pancreatic carcinomas by COX-2 inhibitors can only achieve a limited success.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Department of Pathology,University of Cologne,Germany</pub><pmid>15222037</pmid><doi>10.3748/wjg.v10.i13.1918</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adenocarcinoma - blood supply Adenocarcinoma - metabolism Adenocarcinoma - pathology Aged Aged, 80 and over Basic Research Cyclooxygenase 2 Female Humans Immunohistochemistry Isoenzymes - metabolism Male Membrane Proteins Microcirculation Middle Aged Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Pancreas - blood supply Pancreas - enzymology Pancreas - pathology Pancreatic Neoplasms - blood supply Pancreatic Neoplasms - metabolism Pancreatic Neoplasms - pathology Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases - metabolism |
title | Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: correlation with microvessel density |
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