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Modifying Resilience Mechanisms in At-Risk Individuals: A Controlled Study of Mindfulness Training in Marines Preparing for Deployment
Marines who had first received Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training, which can affect brain structures integral to the body’s response to stress, experienced quicker heart rate and breathing rate recovery, improved sleep quality, and lower levels of neuropeptide Y after stressful combat training...
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| Published in: | The American journal of psychiatry 2014-08, Vol.171 (8), p.844-853 |
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| container_title | The American journal of psychiatry |
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| creator | Johnson, Douglas C. Thom, Nathaniel J. Stanley, Elizabeth A. Haase, Lori Simmons, Alan N. Shih, Pei-an B. Thompson, Wesley K. Potterat, Eric G. Minor, Thomas R. Paulus, Martin P. |
| description | Marines who had first received Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training, which can affect brain structures integral to the body’s response to stress, experienced quicker heart rate and breathing rate recovery, improved sleep quality, and lower levels of neuropeptide Y after stressful combat training than a comparison group without the intervention.
ObjectiveMilitary deployment can have profound effects on physical and mental health. Few studies have examined whether interventions prior to deployment can improve mechanisms underlying resilience. Mindfulness-based techniques have been shown to aid recovery from stress and may affect brain-behavior relationships prior to deployment. The authors examined the effect of mindfulness training on resilience mechanisms in active-duty Marines preparing for deployment.MethodEight Marine infantry platoons (N=281) were randomly selected. Four platoons were assigned to receive mindfulness training (N=147) and four were assigned to a training-as-usual control condition (N=134). Platoons were assessed at baseline, 8 weeks after baseline, and during and after a stressful combat training session approximately 9 weeks after baseline. The mindfulness training condition was delivered in the form of 8 weeks of Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training (MMFT), a program comprising 20 hours of classroom instruction plus daily homework exercises. MMFT emphasizes interoceptive awareness, attentional control, and tolerance of present-moment experiences. The main outcome measures were heart rate, breathing rate, plasma neuropeptide Y concentration, score on the Response to Stressful Experiences Scale, and brain activation as measured by functional MRI.ResultsMarines who received MMFT showed greater reactivity (heart rate [d=0.43]) and enhanced recovery (heart rate [d=0.67], breathing rate [d=0.93]) after stressful training; lower plasma neuropeptide Y concentration after stressful training (d=0.38); and attenuated blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in the right insula and anterior cingulate.ConclusionsThe results show that mechanisms related to stress recovery can be modified in healthy individuals prior to stress exposure, with important implications for evidence-based mental health research and treatment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13040502 |
| format | article |
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ObjectiveMilitary deployment can have profound effects on physical and mental health. Few studies have examined whether interventions prior to deployment can improve mechanisms underlying resilience. Mindfulness-based techniques have been shown to aid recovery from stress and may affect brain-behavior relationships prior to deployment. The authors examined the effect of mindfulness training on resilience mechanisms in active-duty Marines preparing for deployment.MethodEight Marine infantry platoons (N=281) were randomly selected. Four platoons were assigned to receive mindfulness training (N=147) and four were assigned to a training-as-usual control condition (N=134). Platoons were assessed at baseline, 8 weeks after baseline, and during and after a stressful combat training session approximately 9 weeks after baseline. The mindfulness training condition was delivered in the form of 8 weeks of Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training (MMFT), a program comprising 20 hours of classroom instruction plus daily homework exercises. MMFT emphasizes interoceptive awareness, attentional control, and tolerance of present-moment experiences. The main outcome measures were heart rate, breathing rate, plasma neuropeptide Y concentration, score on the Response to Stressful Experiences Scale, and brain activation as measured by functional MRI.ResultsMarines who received MMFT showed greater reactivity (heart rate [d=0.43]) and enhanced recovery (heart rate [d=0.67], breathing rate [d=0.93]) after stressful training; lower plasma neuropeptide Y concentration after stressful training (d=0.38); and attenuated blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in the right insula and anterior cingulate.ConclusionsThe results show that mechanisms related to stress recovery can be modified in healthy individuals prior to stress exposure, with important implications for evidence-based mental health research and treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-953X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1535-7228</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13040502</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24832476</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPSAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Psychiatric Association</publisher><subject>Brain - physiology ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Heart Rate - physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mental health ; Military deployment ; Military personnel ; Military Personnel - psychology ; Mindfulness ; Neuropeptide Y - blood ; Resilience, Psychological ; Respiration ; Stress, Psychological - blood ; Stress, Psychological - physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological - prevention & control ; Stress, Psychological - therapy ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>The American journal of psychiatry, 2014-08, Vol.171 (8), p.844-853</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2014 by the American Psychiatric Association 2014</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. Aug 1, 2014</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a416t-a61629ee5792b86dabefb53a45d582aa1f6955f64594756d5a740c33964dd7873</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a416t-a61629ee5792b86dabefb53a45d582aa1f6955f64594756d5a740c33964dd7873</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,2872,21654,21655,21656,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24832476$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Douglas C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thom, Nathaniel J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stanley, Elizabeth A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haase, Lori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simmons, Alan N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shih, Pei-an B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Wesley K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Potterat, Eric G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Minor, Thomas R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paulus, Martin P.</creatorcontrib><title>Modifying Resilience Mechanisms in At-Risk Individuals: A Controlled Study of Mindfulness Training in Marines Preparing for Deployment</title><title>The American journal of psychiatry</title><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Marines who had first received Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training, which can affect brain structures integral to the body’s response to stress, experienced quicker heart rate and breathing rate recovery, improved sleep quality, and lower levels of neuropeptide Y after stressful combat training than a comparison group without the intervention.
ObjectiveMilitary deployment can have profound effects on physical and mental health. Few studies have examined whether interventions prior to deployment can improve mechanisms underlying resilience. Mindfulness-based techniques have been shown to aid recovery from stress and may affect brain-behavior relationships prior to deployment. The authors examined the effect of mindfulness training on resilience mechanisms in active-duty Marines preparing for deployment.MethodEight Marine infantry platoons (N=281) were randomly selected. Four platoons were assigned to receive mindfulness training (N=147) and four were assigned to a training-as-usual control condition (N=134). Platoons were assessed at baseline, 8 weeks after baseline, and during and after a stressful combat training session approximately 9 weeks after baseline. The mindfulness training condition was delivered in the form of 8 weeks of Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training (MMFT), a program comprising 20 hours of classroom instruction plus daily homework exercises. MMFT emphasizes interoceptive awareness, attentional control, and tolerance of present-moment experiences. The main outcome measures were heart rate, breathing rate, plasma neuropeptide Y concentration, score on the Response to Stressful Experiences Scale, and brain activation as measured by functional MRI.ResultsMarines who received MMFT showed greater reactivity (heart rate [d=0.43]) and enhanced recovery (heart rate [d=0.67], breathing rate [d=0.93]) after stressful training; lower plasma neuropeptide Y concentration after stressful training (d=0.38); and attenuated blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in the right insula and anterior cingulate.ConclusionsThe results show that mechanisms related to stress recovery can be modified in healthy individuals prior to stress exposure, with important implications for evidence-based mental health research and treatment.</description><subject>Brain - physiology</subject><subject>Functional Neuroimaging</subject><subject>Heart Rate - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Military deployment</subject><subject>Military personnel</subject><subject>Military Personnel - psychology</subject><subject>Mindfulness</subject><subject>Neuropeptide Y - blood</subject><subject>Resilience, Psychological</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - blood</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - physiopathology</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - prevention & control</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - therapy</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0002-953X</issn><issn>1535-7228</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kctu1DAUhi0EokPhFSpLbNhk8O04CQuk0XCr1BGoFImd5YmdqYfEDnZSaV6A58Zh2nJZsLJ9_J_vP0c_QmeULCkt5Us9DG6p98OSESqWlBNBgLAHaEGBQ1EyVj1EC0IIK2rgX0_Qk5T2-Ul4yR6jEyYqzkQpF-jHJhjXHpzf4UubXOesbyze2OZae5f6hJ3Hq7G4dOkbPvfG3Tgz6S69wiu8Dn6MoeuswZ_HyRxwaPHGedNOnbcp4auonZ_BGbHR0eUi_hTtMF93uA0Rv7FDFw699eNT9KjNWPvs9jxFX969vVp_KC4-vj9fry4KLagcCy2pZLW1UNZsW0mjt7bdAtcCDFRMa9rKGqCVAmpRgjSgS0EazmspjCmrkp-i10fuMG17a5psHXWnhuh6HQ8qaKf-_vHuWu3CjRIiG0CVAS9uATF8n2waVe9SY7tOexumpCgAJYxWAFn6_B_pPkzR5_VmFZNSQj1PJI-qJoaUom3vh6FEzVGrOWqVo1Zz1Oou6tx49ucq92132WYBPwp-AX57_x_7E1OguS4</recordid><startdate>201408</startdate><enddate>201408</enddate><creator>Johnson, Douglas C.</creator><creator>Thom, Nathaniel J.</creator><creator>Stanley, Elizabeth A.</creator><creator>Haase, Lori</creator><creator>Simmons, Alan N.</creator><creator>Shih, Pei-an B.</creator><creator>Thompson, Wesley K.</creator><creator>Potterat, Eric G.</creator><creator>Minor, Thomas R.</creator><creator>Paulus, Martin P.</creator><general>American Psychiatric Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201408</creationdate><title>Modifying Resilience Mechanisms in At-Risk Individuals: A Controlled Study of Mindfulness Training in Marines Preparing for Deployment</title><author>Johnson, Douglas C. ; Thom, Nathaniel J. ; Stanley, Elizabeth A. ; Haase, Lori ; Simmons, Alan N. ; Shih, Pei-an B. ; Thompson, Wesley K. ; Potterat, Eric G. ; Minor, Thomas R. ; Paulus, Martin P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a416t-a61629ee5792b86dabefb53a45d582aa1f6955f64594756d5a740c33964dd7873</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Brain - physiology</topic><topic>Functional Neuroimaging</topic><topic>Heart Rate - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Military deployment</topic><topic>Military personnel</topic><topic>Military Personnel - psychology</topic><topic>Mindfulness</topic><topic>Neuropeptide Y - blood</topic><topic>Resilience, Psychological</topic><topic>Respiration</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - blood</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - physiopathology</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - prevention & control</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - therapy</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Douglas C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thom, Nathaniel J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stanley, Elizabeth A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haase, Lori</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simmons, Alan N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shih, Pei-an B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Wesley K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Potterat, Eric G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Minor, Thomas R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paulus, Martin P.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The American journal of psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Johnson, Douglas C.</au><au>Thom, Nathaniel J.</au><au>Stanley, Elizabeth A.</au><au>Haase, Lori</au><au>Simmons, Alan N.</au><au>Shih, Pei-an B.</au><au>Thompson, Wesley K.</au><au>Potterat, Eric G.</au><au>Minor, Thomas R.</au><au>Paulus, Martin P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Modifying Resilience Mechanisms in At-Risk Individuals: A Controlled Study of Mindfulness Training in Marines Preparing for Deployment</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2014-08</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>171</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>844</spage><epage>853</epage><pages>844-853</pages><issn>0002-953X</issn><eissn>1535-7228</eissn><coden>AJPSAO</coden><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><notes>ObjectType-Undefined-3</notes><notes>Dr. Stanley is the creator of the Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training intervention and founder of the Mind Fitness Training Institute, a nonprofit organization established to support the delivery of the intervention; she serves as a volunteer member of the board of directors and receives consulting income from teaching the intervention.</notes><abstract>Marines who had first received Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training, which can affect brain structures integral to the body’s response to stress, experienced quicker heart rate and breathing rate recovery, improved sleep quality, and lower levels of neuropeptide Y after stressful combat training than a comparison group without the intervention.
ObjectiveMilitary deployment can have profound effects on physical and mental health. Few studies have examined whether interventions prior to deployment can improve mechanisms underlying resilience. Mindfulness-based techniques have been shown to aid recovery from stress and may affect brain-behavior relationships prior to deployment. The authors examined the effect of mindfulness training on resilience mechanisms in active-duty Marines preparing for deployment.MethodEight Marine infantry platoons (N=281) were randomly selected. Four platoons were assigned to receive mindfulness training (N=147) and four were assigned to a training-as-usual control condition (N=134). Platoons were assessed at baseline, 8 weeks after baseline, and during and after a stressful combat training session approximately 9 weeks after baseline. The mindfulness training condition was delivered in the form of 8 weeks of Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training (MMFT), a program comprising 20 hours of classroom instruction plus daily homework exercises. MMFT emphasizes interoceptive awareness, attentional control, and tolerance of present-moment experiences. The main outcome measures were heart rate, breathing rate, plasma neuropeptide Y concentration, score on the Response to Stressful Experiences Scale, and brain activation as measured by functional MRI.ResultsMarines who received MMFT showed greater reactivity (heart rate [d=0.43]) and enhanced recovery (heart rate [d=0.67], breathing rate [d=0.93]) after stressful training; lower plasma neuropeptide Y concentration after stressful training (d=0.38); and attenuated blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal in the right insula and anterior cingulate.ConclusionsThe results show that mechanisms related to stress recovery can be modified in healthy individuals prior to stress exposure, with important implications for evidence-based mental health research and treatment.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Psychiatric Association</pub><pmid>24832476</pmid><doi>10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13040502</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | American Psychiatric Publishing Inc |
| subjects | Brain - physiology Functional Neuroimaging Heart Rate - physiology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mental health Military deployment Military personnel Military Personnel - psychology Mindfulness Neuropeptide Y - blood Resilience, Psychological Respiration Stress, Psychological - blood Stress, Psychological - physiopathology Stress, Psychological - prevention & control Stress, Psychological - therapy Young Adult |
| title | Modifying Resilience Mechanisms in At-Risk Individuals: A Controlled Study of Mindfulness Training in Marines Preparing for Deployment |
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