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Peripheral arterial disease, prevalence and cumulative risk factor profile analysis
Abstract Background The primary aim of the present study was to determine the cumulative effect of a set of peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors among age, gender and race/ethnicity groups in the United States. Methods We examined data from a nationally representative sample of the US popula...
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| Published in: | European journal of preventive cardiology 2014-06, Vol.21 (6), p.704-711 |
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| container_issue | 6 |
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| container_title | European journal of preventive cardiology |
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| creator | Eraso, Luis H Fukaya, Eri Mohler, Emile R Xie, Dawei Sha, Daohang Berger, Jeffrey S |
| description | Abstract
Background
The primary aim of the present study was to determine the cumulative effect of a set of peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors among age, gender and race/ethnicity groups in the United States.
Methods
We examined data from a nationally representative sample of the US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES], 1999–2004). A total of 7058 subjects 40 years or older that completed the interview, medical examination and had ankle–brachial index (ABI) measurements were included in this study.
Results
The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of PAD was 4.6 % (standard error [SE] 0.3%).The highest prevalence of PAD was observed among elderly, non-Hispanic Blacks and women. In a multivariable age-, gender- and race/ethnicity-adjusted model hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and smoking were retained as PAD risk factors (p ≤ 0.05 for each). The odds of PAD increased with each additional risk factor present from a non-significant 1.5-fold increase (O.R 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9–2.6) in the presence of one risk factor, to more than ten-fold (OR 10.2, 95% CI 6.4–16.3) in the presence of three or more risk factors. In stratified analysis, non-Hispanic Blacks (OR 14.7, 95% CI 2.1–104.1) and women (OR 18.6, 95% CI 7.1–48.7) were particularly sensitive to this cumulative effect.
Conclusion
In a large nationally representative sample, an aggregate set of risk factors that included diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and smoking significantly increase the likelihood of prevalent PAD. A cumulative risk factor analysis highlights important susceptibility differences among different population groups and provides additional evidence to redefine screening strategies in PAD. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/2047487312452968 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4436703</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><oup_id>10.1177/2047487312452968</oup_id><sage_id>10.1177_2047487312452968</sage_id><sourcerecordid>1668239623</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-194289e0499fc362e880aee5dd415b50e60bdf594ca40e4f80f65ec65d4394e13</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkc9LHTEQx0OpVLHePcleCgW7Nclmk-ylIGJ_gKDQeg7zshONzdtsk90H_vfm8V6frYc2l0ySz3dm8h1Cjhn9yJhSZ5wKJbRqGBct76R-RQ7WV7XQmr3exarZJ0c5P9CyJOVc6zdkn3PVFIU6IN9vMPnxHhOECtJUDiXofUbI-KEaE64g4GCxgqGv7LycA0x-hVXy-WflwE4xFSo6H9YIhMfs81uy5yBkPNruh-T28-WPi6_11fWXbxfnV7VtpZxq1gmuO6Si65xtJEetKSC2fS9Yu2gpSrroXdsJC4KicJo62aKVbS-aTiBrDsmnTd5xXiyxtzhM5RtmTH4J6dFE8Obvl8Hfm7u4MkI0UtGmJHi_TZDirxnzZJY-WwwBBoxzNkxKzYtRfI3SDWpTzDmh25Vh1KzHYV6Oo0hO_mxvJ_htfgHebQHIFoJLMFifnzktlSoOFa7ecBnu0DzEORWj878Kn274OI__b_MJj3asyg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1668239623</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Peripheral arterial disease, prevalence and cumulative risk factor profile analysis</title><source>Oxford University Press Journals</source><creator>Eraso, Luis H ; Fukaya, Eri ; Mohler, Emile R ; Xie, Dawei ; Sha, Daohang ; Berger, Jeffrey S</creator><creatorcontrib>Eraso, Luis H ; Fukaya, Eri ; Mohler, Emile R ; Xie, Dawei ; Sha, Daohang ; Berger, Jeffrey S</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract
Background
The primary aim of the present study was to determine the cumulative effect of a set of peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors among age, gender and race/ethnicity groups in the United States.
Methods
We examined data from a nationally representative sample of the US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES], 1999–2004). A total of 7058 subjects 40 years or older that completed the interview, medical examination and had ankle–brachial index (ABI) measurements were included in this study.
Results
The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of PAD was 4.6 % (standard error [SE] 0.3%).The highest prevalence of PAD was observed among elderly, non-Hispanic Blacks and women. In a multivariable age-, gender- and race/ethnicity-adjusted model hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and smoking were retained as PAD risk factors (p ≤ 0.05 for each). The odds of PAD increased with each additional risk factor present from a non-significant 1.5-fold increase (O.R 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9–2.6) in the presence of one risk factor, to more than ten-fold (OR 10.2, 95% CI 6.4–16.3) in the presence of three or more risk factors. In stratified analysis, non-Hispanic Blacks (OR 14.7, 95% CI 2.1–104.1) and women (OR 18.6, 95% CI 7.1–48.7) were particularly sensitive to this cumulative effect.
Conclusion
In a large nationally representative sample, an aggregate set of risk factors that included diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and smoking significantly increase the likelihood of prevalent PAD. A cumulative risk factor analysis highlights important susceptibility differences among different population groups and provides additional evidence to redefine screening strategies in PAD.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2047-4873</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2047-4881</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/2047487312452968</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22739687</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London, England: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research) ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood and lymphatic vessels ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology ; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance ; Diseases of the peripheral vessels. Diseases of the vena cava. Miscellaneous ; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) ; Endocrinopathies ; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia - epidemiology ; Hypertension - epidemiology ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Arterial Disease - epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sickness Impact Profile ; Smoking - epidemiology ; United States - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>European journal of preventive cardiology, 2014-06, Vol.21 (6), p.704-711</ispartof><rights>The European Society of Cardiology 2014 2014</rights><rights>The European Society of Cardiology 2012 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>The European Society of Cardiology 2012 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.</rights><rights>The European Society of Cardiology 2012 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-194289e0499fc362e880aee5dd415b50e60bdf594ca40e4f80f65ec65d4394e13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-194289e0499fc362e880aee5dd415b50e60bdf594ca40e4f80f65ec65d4394e13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28677289$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22739687$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Eraso, Luis H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fukaya, Eri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohler, Emile R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Dawei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sha, Daohang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berger, Jeffrey S</creatorcontrib><title>Peripheral arterial disease, prevalence and cumulative risk factor profile analysis</title><title>European journal of preventive cardiology</title><addtitle>Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil</addtitle><description>Abstract
Background
The primary aim of the present study was to determine the cumulative effect of a set of peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors among age, gender and race/ethnicity groups in the United States.
Methods
We examined data from a nationally representative sample of the US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES], 1999–2004). A total of 7058 subjects 40 years or older that completed the interview, medical examination and had ankle–brachial index (ABI) measurements were included in this study.
Results
The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of PAD was 4.6 % (standard error [SE] 0.3%).The highest prevalence of PAD was observed among elderly, non-Hispanic Blacks and women. In a multivariable age-, gender- and race/ethnicity-adjusted model hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and smoking were retained as PAD risk factors (p ≤ 0.05 for each). The odds of PAD increased with each additional risk factor present from a non-significant 1.5-fold increase (O.R 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9–2.6) in the presence of one risk factor, to more than ten-fold (OR 10.2, 95% CI 6.4–16.3) in the presence of three or more risk factors. In stratified analysis, non-Hispanic Blacks (OR 14.7, 95% CI 2.1–104.1) and women (OR 18.6, 95% CI 7.1–48.7) were particularly sensitive to this cumulative effect.
Conclusion
In a large nationally representative sample, an aggregate set of risk factors that included diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and smoking significantly increase the likelihood of prevalent PAD. A cumulative risk factor analysis highlights important susceptibility differences among different population groups and provides additional evidence to redefine screening strategies in PAD.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Ankle Brachial Index</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research)</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood and lymphatic vessels</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</subject><subject>Diseases of the peripheral vessels. Diseases of the vena cava. Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</subject><subject>Endocrinopathies</subject><subject>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypercholesterolemia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hypertension - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Peripheral Arterial Disease - epidemiology</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sickness Impact Profile</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><issn>2047-4873</issn><issn>2047-4881</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkc9LHTEQx0OpVLHePcleCgW7Nclmk-ylIGJ_gKDQeg7zshONzdtsk90H_vfm8V6frYc2l0ySz3dm8h1Cjhn9yJhSZ5wKJbRqGBct76R-RQ7WV7XQmr3exarZJ0c5P9CyJOVc6zdkn3PVFIU6IN9vMPnxHhOECtJUDiXofUbI-KEaE64g4GCxgqGv7LycA0x-hVXy-WflwE4xFSo6H9YIhMfs81uy5yBkPNruh-T28-WPi6_11fWXbxfnV7VtpZxq1gmuO6Si65xtJEetKSC2fS9Yu2gpSrroXdsJC4KicJo62aKVbS-aTiBrDsmnTd5xXiyxtzhM5RtmTH4J6dFE8Obvl8Hfm7u4MkI0UtGmJHi_TZDirxnzZJY-WwwBBoxzNkxKzYtRfI3SDWpTzDmh25Vh1KzHYV6Oo0hO_mxvJ_htfgHebQHIFoJLMFifnzktlSoOFa7ecBnu0DzEORWj878Kn274OI__b_MJj3asyg</recordid><startdate>20140601</startdate><enddate>20140601</enddate><creator>Eraso, Luis H</creator><creator>Fukaya, Eri</creator><creator>Mohler, Emile R</creator><creator>Xie, Dawei</creator><creator>Sha, Daohang</creator><creator>Berger, Jeffrey S</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140601</creationdate><title>Peripheral arterial disease, prevalence and cumulative risk factor profile analysis</title><author>Eraso, Luis H ; Fukaya, Eri ; Mohler, Emile R ; Xie, Dawei ; Sha, Daohang ; Berger, Jeffrey S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c566t-194289e0499fc362e880aee5dd415b50e60bdf594ca40e4f80f65ec65d4394e13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Ankle Brachial Index</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research)</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood and lymphatic vessels</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</topic><topic>Diseases of the peripheral vessels. Diseases of the vena cava. Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</topic><topic>Endocrinopathies</topic><topic>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypercholesterolemia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hypertension - epidemiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Peripheral Arterial Disease - epidemiology</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sickness Impact Profile</topic><topic>Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Eraso, Luis H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fukaya, Eri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohler, Emile R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xie, Dawei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sha, Daohang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Berger, Jeffrey S</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>European journal of preventive cardiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Eraso, Luis H</au><au>Fukaya, Eri</au><au>Mohler, Emile R</au><au>Xie, Dawei</au><au>Sha, Daohang</au><au>Berger, Jeffrey S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Peripheral arterial disease, prevalence and cumulative risk factor profile analysis</atitle><jtitle>European journal of preventive cardiology</jtitle><addtitle>Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil</addtitle><date>2014-06-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>704</spage><epage>711</epage><pages>704-711</pages><issn>2047-4873</issn><eissn>2047-4881</eissn><notes>ObjectType-Article-1</notes><notes>SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1</notes><notes>ObjectType-Feature-2</notes><notes>content type line 23</notes><abstract>Abstract
Background
The primary aim of the present study was to determine the cumulative effect of a set of peripheral artery disease (PAD) risk factors among age, gender and race/ethnicity groups in the United States.
Methods
We examined data from a nationally representative sample of the US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES], 1999–2004). A total of 7058 subjects 40 years or older that completed the interview, medical examination and had ankle–brachial index (ABI) measurements were included in this study.
Results
The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of PAD was 4.6 % (standard error [SE] 0.3%).The highest prevalence of PAD was observed among elderly, non-Hispanic Blacks and women. In a multivariable age-, gender- and race/ethnicity-adjusted model hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and smoking were retained as PAD risk factors (p ≤ 0.05 for each). The odds of PAD increased with each additional risk factor present from a non-significant 1.5-fold increase (O.R 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9–2.6) in the presence of one risk factor, to more than ten-fold (OR 10.2, 95% CI 6.4–16.3) in the presence of three or more risk factors. In stratified analysis, non-Hispanic Blacks (OR 14.7, 95% CI 2.1–104.1) and women (OR 18.6, 95% CI 7.1–48.7) were particularly sensitive to this cumulative effect.
Conclusion
In a large nationally representative sample, an aggregate set of risk factors that included diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and smoking significantly increase the likelihood of prevalent PAD. A cumulative risk factor analysis highlights important susceptibility differences among different population groups and provides additional evidence to redefine screening strategies in PAD.</abstract><cop>London, England</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>22739687</pmid><doi>10.1177/2047487312452968</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Ankle Brachial Index Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research) Biological and medical sciences Blood and lymphatic vessels Cardiology. Vascular system Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus - epidemiology Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Diseases of the peripheral vessels. Diseases of the vena cava. Miscellaneous Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance Female Heart Humans Hypercholesterolemia - epidemiology Hypertension - epidemiology Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Peripheral Arterial Disease - epidemiology Prevalence Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology Risk Factors Sickness Impact Profile Smoking - epidemiology United States - epidemiology |
| title | Peripheral arterial disease, prevalence and cumulative risk factor profile analysis |
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