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Rehabilitative Training Promotes Rapid Motor Recovery but Delayed Motor Map Reorganization in a Rat Cortical Ischemic Infarct Model
Background. In preclinical stroke models, improvement in motor performance is associated with reorganization of cortical motor maps. However, the temporal relationship between performance gains and map plasticity is not clear. Objective. This study was designed to assess the effects of rehabilitativ...
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| Published in: | Neurorehabilitation and neural repair 2015-06, Vol.29 (5), p.472-482 |
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| creator | Nishibe, Mariko Urban, Edward T. R. Barbay, Scott Nudo, Randolph J. |
| description | Background. In preclinical stroke models, improvement in motor performance is associated with reorganization of cortical motor maps. However, the temporal relationship between performance gains and map plasticity is not clear. Objective. This study was designed to assess the effects of rehabilitative training on the temporal dynamics of behavioral and neurophysiological endpoints in a rat model of focal cortical infarct. Methods. Eight days after an ischemic infarct in primary motor cortex, adult rats received either rehabilitative training or were allowed to recover spontaneously. Motor performance and movement quality of the paretic forelimb was assessed on a skilled reach task. Intracortical microstimulation mapping procedures were conducted to assess the topography of spared forelimb representations either at the end of training (post-lesion day 18) or at the end of a 3-week follow-up period (post-lesion day 38). Results. Rats receiving rehabilitative training demonstrated more rapid improvement in motor performance and movement quality during the training period that persisted through the follow-up period. Motor maps in both groups were unusually small on post-lesion day 18. On post-lesion day 38, forelimb motor maps in the rehabilitative training group were significantly enlarged compared with the no-rehab group, and within the range of normal maps. Conclusions. Postinfarct rehabilitative training rapidly improves motor performance and movement quality after an ischemic infarct in motor cortex. However, training-induced motor improvements are not reflected in spared motor maps until substantially later, suggesting that early motor training after stroke can help shape the evolving poststroke neural network. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/1545968314543499 |
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R. ; Barbay, Scott ; Nudo, Randolph J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Nishibe, Mariko ; Urban, Edward T. R. ; Barbay, Scott ; Nudo, Randolph J.</creatorcontrib><description>Background. In preclinical stroke models, improvement in motor performance is associated with reorganization of cortical motor maps. However, the temporal relationship between performance gains and map plasticity is not clear. Objective. This study was designed to assess the effects of rehabilitative training on the temporal dynamics of behavioral and neurophysiological endpoints in a rat model of focal cortical infarct. Methods. Eight days after an ischemic infarct in primary motor cortex, adult rats received either rehabilitative training or were allowed to recover spontaneously. Motor performance and movement quality of the paretic forelimb was assessed on a skilled reach task. Intracortical microstimulation mapping procedures were conducted to assess the topography of spared forelimb representations either at the end of training (post-lesion day 18) or at the end of a 3-week follow-up period (post-lesion day 38). Results. Rats receiving rehabilitative training demonstrated more rapid improvement in motor performance and movement quality during the training period that persisted through the follow-up period. Motor maps in both groups were unusually small on post-lesion day 18. On post-lesion day 38, forelimb motor maps in the rehabilitative training group were significantly enlarged compared with the no-rehab group, and within the range of normal maps. Conclusions. Postinfarct rehabilitative training rapidly improves motor performance and movement quality after an ischemic infarct in motor cortex. However, training-induced motor improvements are not reflected in spared motor maps until substantially later, suggesting that early motor training after stroke can help shape the evolving poststroke neural network.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1545-9683</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-6844</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/1545968314543499</identifier><identifier>PMID: 25055836</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Brain Ischemia - chemically induced ; Brain Ischemia - complications ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Infarction - etiology ; Cerebral Infarction - rehabilitation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electric Stimulation ; Endothelin-1 - toxicity ; Forelimb - physiopathology ; Male ; Motor Activity - physiology ; Physical Conditioning, Animal - methods ; Psychomotor Performance - physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Long-Evans ; Recovery of Function - physiology</subject><ispartof>Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2015-06, Vol.29 (5), p.472-482</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2014</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2014.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-cc023e634e370bc228624f3f74c85c34d1816c1414b28adb11549e3e0ddf5f0f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-cc023e634e370bc228624f3f74c85c34d1816c1414b28adb11549e3e0ddf5f0f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,786,790,891,27957,27958</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25055836$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nishibe, Mariko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Urban, Edward T. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barbay, Scott</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nudo, Randolph J.</creatorcontrib><title>Rehabilitative Training Promotes Rapid Motor Recovery but Delayed Motor Map Reorganization in a Rat Cortical Ischemic Infarct Model</title><title>Neurorehabilitation and neural repair</title><addtitle>Neurorehabil Neural Repair</addtitle><description>Background. In preclinical stroke models, improvement in motor performance is associated with reorganization of cortical motor maps. However, the temporal relationship between performance gains and map plasticity is not clear. Objective. This study was designed to assess the effects of rehabilitative training on the temporal dynamics of behavioral and neurophysiological endpoints in a rat model of focal cortical infarct. Methods. Eight days after an ischemic infarct in primary motor cortex, adult rats received either rehabilitative training or were allowed to recover spontaneously. Motor performance and movement quality of the paretic forelimb was assessed on a skilled reach task. Intracortical microstimulation mapping procedures were conducted to assess the topography of spared forelimb representations either at the end of training (post-lesion day 18) or at the end of a 3-week follow-up period (post-lesion day 38). Results. Rats receiving rehabilitative training demonstrated more rapid improvement in motor performance and movement quality during the training period that persisted through the follow-up period. Motor maps in both groups were unusually small on post-lesion day 18. On post-lesion day 38, forelimb motor maps in the rehabilitative training group were significantly enlarged compared with the no-rehab group, and within the range of normal maps. Conclusions. Postinfarct rehabilitative training rapidly improves motor performance and movement quality after an ischemic infarct in motor cortex. However, training-induced motor improvements are not reflected in spared motor maps until substantially later, suggesting that early motor training after stroke can help shape the evolving poststroke neural network.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Brain Ischemia - chemically induced</subject><subject>Brain Ischemia - complications</subject><subject>Brain Mapping</subject><subject>Cerebral Infarction - etiology</subject><subject>Cerebral Infarction - rehabilitation</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Electric Stimulation</subject><subject>Endothelin-1 - toxicity</subject><subject>Forelimb - physiopathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Motor Activity - physiology</subject><subject>Physical Conditioning, Animal - methods</subject><subject>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Long-Evans</subject><subject>Recovery of Function - physiology</subject><issn>1545-9683</issn><issn>1552-6844</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kVtLwzAYhoMoTqf3Xkn-QDVpkq69EWSeBhvKmNclTb9uGW1S0mwwb_3jZswNFbxK4P2eJ4cXoStKbigdDG6p4CJLUka54Ixn2RE6o0LEUZJyfrzdcxFt8x4677olITFLM3KKerEgQqQsOUOfU1jIQtfaS6_XgGdOaqPNHL8521gPHZ7KVpd4Yr11eArKrsFtcLHy-AFquYF9NJFtiK2bS6M_gssarA2WAfd4aJ3XStZ41KkFNFrhkamkUz6wJdQX6KSSdQeX32sfvT89zoYv0fj1eTS8H0dKEOIjpcL9IWEc2IAUKo7TJOYVqwZcpUIxXtKUJopyyos4lWVBw_MzYEDKshIVqVgf3e287apooFRgvJN13jrdSLfJrdT578ToRT6365wzwoRgQUB2AuVs1zmoDiwl-baQ_G8hAbn-eeYB2DcQBqLdQCfnkC_typnwB_8LvwDhOZXS</recordid><startdate>20150601</startdate><enddate>20150601</enddate><creator>Nishibe, Mariko</creator><creator>Urban, Edward T. R.</creator><creator>Barbay, Scott</creator><creator>Nudo, Randolph J.</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150601</creationdate><title>Rehabilitative Training Promotes Rapid Motor Recovery but Delayed Motor Map Reorganization in a Rat Cortical Ischemic Infarct Model</title><author>Nishibe, Mariko ; Urban, Edward T. R. ; Barbay, Scott ; Nudo, Randolph J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c500t-cc023e634e370bc228624f3f74c85c34d1816c1414b28adb11549e3e0ddf5f0f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>Brain Ischemia - chemically induced</topic><topic>Brain Ischemia - complications</topic><topic>Brain Mapping</topic><topic>Cerebral Infarction - etiology</topic><topic>Cerebral Infarction - rehabilitation</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Electric Stimulation</topic><topic>Endothelin-1 - toxicity</topic><topic>Forelimb - physiopathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Motor Activity - physiology</topic><topic>Physical Conditioning, Animal - methods</topic><topic>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Long-Evans</topic><topic>Recovery of Function - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nishibe, Mariko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Urban, Edward T. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barbay, Scott</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nudo, Randolph J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Neurorehabilitation and neural repair</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nishibe, Mariko</au><au>Urban, Edward T. R.</au><au>Barbay, Scott</au><au>Nudo, Randolph J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Rehabilitative Training Promotes Rapid Motor Recovery but Delayed Motor Map Reorganization in a Rat Cortical Ischemic Infarct Model</atitle><jtitle>Neurorehabilitation and neural repair</jtitle><addtitle>Neurorehabil Neural Repair</addtitle><date>2015-06-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>29</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>472</spage><epage>482</epage><pages>472-482</pages><issn>1545-9683</issn><eissn>1552-6844</eissn><abstract>Background. In preclinical stroke models, improvement in motor performance is associated with reorganization of cortical motor maps. However, the temporal relationship between performance gains and map plasticity is not clear. Objective. This study was designed to assess the effects of rehabilitative training on the temporal dynamics of behavioral and neurophysiological endpoints in a rat model of focal cortical infarct. Methods. Eight days after an ischemic infarct in primary motor cortex, adult rats received either rehabilitative training or were allowed to recover spontaneously. Motor performance and movement quality of the paretic forelimb was assessed on a skilled reach task. Intracortical microstimulation mapping procedures were conducted to assess the topography of spared forelimb representations either at the end of training (post-lesion day 18) or at the end of a 3-week follow-up period (post-lesion day 38). Results. Rats receiving rehabilitative training demonstrated more rapid improvement in motor performance and movement quality during the training period that persisted through the follow-up period. Motor maps in both groups were unusually small on post-lesion day 18. On post-lesion day 38, forelimb motor maps in the rehabilitative training group were significantly enlarged compared with the no-rehab group, and within the range of normal maps. Conclusions. Postinfarct rehabilitative training rapidly improves motor performance and movement quality after an ischemic infarct in motor cortex. However, training-induced motor improvements are not reflected in spared motor maps until substantially later, suggesting that early motor training after stroke can help shape the evolving poststroke neural network.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>25055836</pmid><doi>10.1177/1545968314543499</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Biomechanical Phenomena Brain Ischemia - chemically induced Brain Ischemia - complications Brain Mapping Cerebral Infarction - etiology Cerebral Infarction - rehabilitation Disease Models, Animal Electric Stimulation Endothelin-1 - toxicity Forelimb - physiopathology Male Motor Activity - physiology Physical Conditioning, Animal - methods Psychomotor Performance - physiology Rats Rats, Long-Evans Recovery of Function - physiology |
| title | Rehabilitative Training Promotes Rapid Motor Recovery but Delayed Motor Map Reorganization in a Rat Cortical Ischemic Infarct Model |
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