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Educational attainment of children with congenital heart disease in the United Kingdom
Abstract Background Educational attainment in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) within the UK has not been reported, despite the possibility of school absences and disease-specific factors creating educational barriers. Methods and results Children were prospectively recruited to the Born...
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| Published in: | European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes 2024-08, Vol.10 (5), p.456-466 |
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| container_end_page | 466 |
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| container_title | European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes |
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| creator | Cave, Daniel G W Wands, Zoë E Cromie, Kirsten Hough, Amy Johnson, Kathryn Mon-Williams, Mark Bentham, James R Feltbower, Richard G Glaser, Adam W |
| description | Abstract
Background
Educational attainment in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) within the UK has not been reported, despite the possibility of school absences and disease-specific factors creating educational barriers.
Methods and results
Children were prospectively recruited to the Born in Bradford birth cohort between March 2007 and December 2010. Diagnoses of CHD were identified through linkage to the congenital anomaly register and independently verified by clinicians. Multivariable regression accounted for relevant confounders. Our primary outcome was the odds of ‘below expected’ attainment in maths, reading, and writing at ages 4–11 years.
Educational records of 139 children with non-genetic CHD were compared with 11 188 age-matched children with no major congenital anomaly. Children with CHD had significantly higher odds of ‘below expected’ attainment in maths at age 4–5 years [odds ratio (OR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.52], age 6–7 (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.32–3.12), and age 10–11 (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.01–5.14). Odds worsened with age, with similar results for reading and writing. The odds of receiving special educational needs support reduced with age for children with CHD relative to controls [age 4–5: OR 4.84 (2.06–11.40); age 6–7: OR 3.65 (2.41–5.53); age 10–11: OR 2.73 (1.84–4.06)]. Attainment was similar for children with and without exposure to cardio-pulmonary bypass. Lower attainment was strongly associated with the number of pre-school hospital admissions.
Conclusion
Children with CHD have lower educational attainment compared with their peers. Deficits are evident from school entry and increase throughout primary school.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Key question—What is the educational attainment of UK children with congenital heart disease (CHD)?
Key finding—Children with CHD have lower educational attainment compared with age-matched children with no congenital anomalies. This worsens with age, whilst the amount of support provided reduces.
Take-home message—All children with CHD in the UK are at increased risk of educational difficulties and should be considered for early support. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcad068 |
| format | article |
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Background
Educational attainment in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) within the UK has not been reported, despite the possibility of school absences and disease-specific factors creating educational barriers.
Methods and results
Children were prospectively recruited to the Born in Bradford birth cohort between March 2007 and December 2010. Diagnoses of CHD were identified through linkage to the congenital anomaly register and independently verified by clinicians. Multivariable regression accounted for relevant confounders. Our primary outcome was the odds of ‘below expected’ attainment in maths, reading, and writing at ages 4–11 years.
Educational records of 139 children with non-genetic CHD were compared with 11 188 age-matched children with no major congenital anomaly. Children with CHD had significantly higher odds of ‘below expected’ attainment in maths at age 4–5 years [odds ratio (OR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.52], age 6–7 (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.32–3.12), and age 10–11 (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.01–5.14). Odds worsened with age, with similar results for reading and writing. The odds of receiving special educational needs support reduced with age for children with CHD relative to controls [age 4–5: OR 4.84 (2.06–11.40); age 6–7: OR 3.65 (2.41–5.53); age 10–11: OR 2.73 (1.84–4.06)]. Attainment was similar for children with and without exposure to cardio-pulmonary bypass. Lower attainment was strongly associated with the number of pre-school hospital admissions.
Conclusion
Children with CHD have lower educational attainment compared with their peers. Deficits are evident from school entry and increase throughout primary school.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Key question—What is the educational attainment of UK children with congenital heart disease (CHD)?
Key finding—Children with CHD have lower educational attainment compared with age-matched children with no congenital anomalies. This worsens with age, whilst the amount of support provided reduces.
Take-home message—All children with CHD in the UK are at increased risk of educational difficulties and should be considered for early support.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2058-5225</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2058-1742</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2058-1742</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcad068</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37985703</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Academic Success ; Age ; Cardiovascular disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Congenital diseases ; Educational attainment ; Educational Status ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital - epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Original ; Prospective Studies ; United Kingdom - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes, 2024-08, Vol.10 (5), p.456-466</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. 2023</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c341t-2bba6cba2fa6cbecabad15376f5ac01bc34173252a5c0c5725aaad78935b164b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2859-5291 ; 0000-0002-1728-9408 ; 0000-0003-0041-0862 ; 0000-0001-7595-8545 ; 0000-0003-1814-5120 ; 0000-0003-0559-1316</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,315,783,787,888,1587,27936,27937</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37985703$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cave, Daniel G W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wands, Zoë E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cromie, Kirsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hough, Amy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mon-Williams, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bentham, James R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feltbower, Richard G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glaser, Adam W</creatorcontrib><title>Educational attainment of children with congenital heart disease in the United Kingdom</title><title>European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes</title><addtitle>Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes</addtitle><description>Abstract
Background
Educational attainment in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) within the UK has not been reported, despite the possibility of school absences and disease-specific factors creating educational barriers.
Methods and results
Children were prospectively recruited to the Born in Bradford birth cohort between March 2007 and December 2010. Diagnoses of CHD were identified through linkage to the congenital anomaly register and independently verified by clinicians. Multivariable regression accounted for relevant confounders. Our primary outcome was the odds of ‘below expected’ attainment in maths, reading, and writing at ages 4–11 years.
Educational records of 139 children with non-genetic CHD were compared with 11 188 age-matched children with no major congenital anomaly. Children with CHD had significantly higher odds of ‘below expected’ attainment in maths at age 4–5 years [odds ratio (OR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.52], age 6–7 (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.32–3.12), and age 10–11 (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.01–5.14). Odds worsened with age, with similar results for reading and writing. The odds of receiving special educational needs support reduced with age for children with CHD relative to controls [age 4–5: OR 4.84 (2.06–11.40); age 6–7: OR 3.65 (2.41–5.53); age 10–11: OR 2.73 (1.84–4.06)]. Attainment was similar for children with and without exposure to cardio-pulmonary bypass. Lower attainment was strongly associated with the number of pre-school hospital admissions.
Conclusion
Children with CHD have lower educational attainment compared with their peers. Deficits are evident from school entry and increase throughout primary school.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Key question—What is the educational attainment of UK children with congenital heart disease (CHD)?
Key finding—Children with CHD have lower educational attainment compared with age-matched children with no congenital anomalies. This worsens with age, whilst the amount of support provided reduces.
Take-home message—All children with CHD in the UK are at increased risk of educational difficulties and should be considered for early support.</description><subject>Academic Success</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Congenital diseases</subject><subject>Educational attainment</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heart Defects, Congenital - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>United Kingdom - epidemiology</subject><issn>2058-5225</issn><issn>2058-1742</issn><issn>2058-1742</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkc2LFDEQxYMo7rLu2ZsEvIgwTj4mSfdJZFk_2IW97HoN1Ul6OkN3MpOkFf97M0y7qJc9vYL61aOqHkKvKflAScvXbtgdjInrgwFLZPMMnTMimhVVG_Z8qQVj4gxd5rwjhFDJFaXyJTrjqm2EIvwcfb-2s4HiY4ARQyngw-RCwbHHZvCjTS7gn74M2MSwdcGXig0OUsHWZwfZYR9wGRx-qD1n8Y0PWxunV-hFD2N2l4teoIfP1_dXX1e3d1--XX26XRm-oWXFug6k6YD1R3EGOrBUcCV7AYbQ7kgpzgQDYYgRigkAsKppueio3HT8An08-e7nbnLW1NUTjHqf_ATpl47g9b-d4Ae9jT80pZwo2srq8G5xSPEwu1z05LNx4wjBxTlr1rSMKbqRTUXf_ofu4pzq47LmpG05k23LKrU-USbFnJPrH7ehRB9z00tuesmtTrz5-4hH_k9KFXh_AuK8f9LtNwqgprE</recordid><startdate>20240808</startdate><enddate>20240808</enddate><creator>Cave, Daniel G W</creator><creator>Wands, Zoë E</creator><creator>Cromie, Kirsten</creator><creator>Hough, Amy</creator><creator>Johnson, Kathryn</creator><creator>Mon-Williams, Mark</creator><creator>Bentham, James R</creator><creator>Feltbower, Richard G</creator><creator>Glaser, Adam W</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>TOX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-5291</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1728-9408</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-0862</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7595-8545</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-5120</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0559-1316</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240808</creationdate><title>Educational attainment of children with congenital heart disease in the United Kingdom</title><author>Cave, Daniel G W ; Wands, Zoë E ; Cromie, Kirsten ; Hough, Amy ; Johnson, Kathryn ; Mon-Williams, Mark ; Bentham, James R ; Feltbower, Richard G ; Glaser, Adam W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c341t-2bba6cba2fa6cbecabad15376f5ac01bc34173252a5c0c5725aaad78935b164b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Academic Success</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Congenital diseases</topic><topic>Educational attainment</topic><topic>Educational Status</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Heart Defects, Congenital - epidemiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>United Kingdom - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cave, Daniel G W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wands, Zoë E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cromie, Kirsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hough, Amy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Kathryn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mon-Williams, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bentham, James R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feltbower, Richard G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Glaser, Adam W</creatorcontrib><collection>Oxford Academic Journals (Open Access)</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cave, Daniel G W</au><au>Wands, Zoë E</au><au>Cromie, Kirsten</au><au>Hough, Amy</au><au>Johnson, Kathryn</au><au>Mon-Williams, Mark</au><au>Bentham, James R</au><au>Feltbower, Richard G</au><au>Glaser, Adam W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Educational attainment of children with congenital heart disease in the United Kingdom</atitle><jtitle>European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes</jtitle><addtitle>Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes</addtitle><date>2024-08-08</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>456</spage><epage>466</epage><pages>456-466</pages><issn>2058-5225</issn><issn>2058-1742</issn><eissn>2058-1742</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Background
Educational attainment in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) within the UK has not been reported, despite the possibility of school absences and disease-specific factors creating educational barriers.
Methods and results
Children were prospectively recruited to the Born in Bradford birth cohort between March 2007 and December 2010. Diagnoses of CHD were identified through linkage to the congenital anomaly register and independently verified by clinicians. Multivariable regression accounted for relevant confounders. Our primary outcome was the odds of ‘below expected’ attainment in maths, reading, and writing at ages 4–11 years.
Educational records of 139 children with non-genetic CHD were compared with 11 188 age-matched children with no major congenital anomaly. Children with CHD had significantly higher odds of ‘below expected’ attainment in maths at age 4–5 years [odds ratio (OR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–2.52], age 6–7 (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.32–3.12), and age 10–11 (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.01–5.14). Odds worsened with age, with similar results for reading and writing. The odds of receiving special educational needs support reduced with age for children with CHD relative to controls [age 4–5: OR 4.84 (2.06–11.40); age 6–7: OR 3.65 (2.41–5.53); age 10–11: OR 2.73 (1.84–4.06)]. Attainment was similar for children with and without exposure to cardio-pulmonary bypass. Lower attainment was strongly associated with the number of pre-school hospital admissions.
Conclusion
Children with CHD have lower educational attainment compared with their peers. Deficits are evident from school entry and increase throughout primary school.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Key question—What is the educational attainment of UK children with congenital heart disease (CHD)?
Key finding—Children with CHD have lower educational attainment compared with age-matched children with no congenital anomalies. This worsens with age, whilst the amount of support provided reduces.
Take-home message—All children with CHD in the UK are at increased risk of educational difficulties and should be considered for early support.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>37985703</pmid><doi>10.1093/ehjqcco/qcad068</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-5291</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1728-9408</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-0862</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7595-8545</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-5120</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0559-1316</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes, 2024-08, Vol.10 (5), p.456-466 |
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| source | Oxford University Press |
| subjects | Academic Success Age Cardiovascular disease Child Child, Preschool Congenital diseases Educational attainment Educational Status Female Heart Defects, Congenital - epidemiology Humans Male Original Prospective Studies United Kingdom - epidemiology |
| title | Educational attainment of children with congenital heart disease in the United Kingdom |
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