Maturity alters drop vertical jump landing force‐time profiles but not performance outcomes in adolescent females

The stretch‐shortening cycle (SSC) assists in effective force attenuation upon landing and augments force generation at take‐off during a drop vertical jump (DVJ). General performance outcomes such as jump height or peak measures have been used to assess SSC function in youth populations; however, t...

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Published in:Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2021-11, Vol.31 (11), p.2055-2063
Main Authors: Pedley, Jason S., DiCesare, Christopher A., Lloyd, Rhodri S., Oliver, Jon L., Ford, Kevin R., Hewett, Tim E., Myer, Gregory D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adolescent Development - physiology
anterior cruciate ligament
Athletic Injuries - prevention & control
Biomechanical Phenomena
Child
depth jump
Female
Females
growth
Humans
Jumping
maturation
Movement - physiology
plyometric
Plyometric Exercise
Weight-Bearing - physiology
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container_issue 11
container_start_page 2055
container_title Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
container_volume 31
creator Pedley, Jason S.
DiCesare, Christopher A.
Lloyd, Rhodri S.
Oliver, Jon L.
Ford, Kevin R.
Hewett, Tim E.
Myer, Gregory D.
description The stretch‐shortening cycle (SSC) assists in effective force attenuation upon landing and augments force generation at take‐off during a drop vertical jump (DVJ). General performance outcomes such as jump height or peak measures have been used to assess SSC function in youth populations; however, these discrete metrics fail to provide insight into temporal jump‐landing characteristics. This study assessed DVJ force‐time profiles in 1013 middle and high‐school female athletes (n = 279 prepubertal, n = 401 pubertal, and n = 333 postpubertal). Maturity status was determined using the Pubertal Maturation Observation Scale. Ground reaction force data were analyzed to extract a range of variables to characterize force‐time profiles. SSC function was categorized as poor, moderate, or good dependent on the presence of an impact peak and spring‐like behavior. No differences in jump height or ground contact time were observed between maturity groups (p > 0.05). Significant differences in absolute peak landing and take‐off force were evident between all maturational statuses (p 
doi_str_mv 10.1111/sms.14025
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General performance outcomes such as jump height or peak measures have been used to assess SSC function in youth populations; however, these discrete metrics fail to provide insight into temporal jump‐landing characteristics. This study assessed DVJ force‐time profiles in 1013 middle and high‐school female athletes (n = 279 prepubertal, n = 401 pubertal, and n = 333 postpubertal). Maturity status was determined using the Pubertal Maturation Observation Scale. Ground reaction force data were analyzed to extract a range of variables to characterize force‐time profiles. SSC function was categorized as poor, moderate, or good dependent on the presence of an impact peak and spring‐like behavior. No differences in jump height or ground contact time were observed between maturity groups (p &gt; 0.05). Significant differences in absolute peak landing and take‐off force were evident between all maturational statuses (p &lt; 0.05). Relative to bodyweight normalized forces, only peak take‐off force was significantly different between prepubertal and postpubertal groups (p &lt; 0.05; d = 0.22). Spring‐like behavior showed small improvements from pubertal to postpubertal (p &lt; 0.05; d = 0.25). Most females displayed poor SSC function at prepubertal (79.6%), pubertal (77.3%), and postpubertal (65.5%) stages of maturity. Large increases in absolute forces occur throughout maturation in female athletes; however, only small maturational differences were found in relative force or spring‐like behavior. 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General performance outcomes such as jump height or peak measures have been used to assess SSC function in youth populations; however, these discrete metrics fail to provide insight into temporal jump‐landing characteristics. This study assessed DVJ force‐time profiles in 1013 middle and high‐school female athletes (n = 279 prepubertal, n = 401 pubertal, and n = 333 postpubertal). Maturity status was determined using the Pubertal Maturation Observation Scale. Ground reaction force data were analyzed to extract a range of variables to characterize force‐time profiles. SSC function was categorized as poor, moderate, or good dependent on the presence of an impact peak and spring‐like behavior. No differences in jump height or ground contact time were observed between maturity groups (p &gt; 0.05). Significant differences in absolute peak landing and take‐off force were evident between all maturational statuses (p &lt; 0.05). 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General performance outcomes such as jump height or peak measures have been used to assess SSC function in youth populations; however, these discrete metrics fail to provide insight into temporal jump‐landing characteristics. This study assessed DVJ force‐time profiles in 1013 middle and high‐school female athletes (n = 279 prepubertal, n = 401 pubertal, and n = 333 postpubertal). Maturity status was determined using the Pubertal Maturation Observation Scale. Ground reaction force data were analyzed to extract a range of variables to characterize force‐time profiles. SSC function was categorized as poor, moderate, or good dependent on the presence of an impact peak and spring‐like behavior. No differences in jump height or ground contact time were observed between maturity groups (p &gt; 0.05). Significant differences in absolute peak landing and take‐off force were evident between all maturational statuses (p &lt; 0.05). Relative to bodyweight normalized forces, only peak take‐off force was significantly different between prepubertal and postpubertal groups (p &lt; 0.05; d = 0.22). Spring‐like behavior showed small improvements from pubertal to postpubertal (p &lt; 0.05; d = 0.25). Most females displayed poor SSC function at prepubertal (79.6%), pubertal (77.3%), and postpubertal (65.5%) stages of maturity. Large increases in absolute forces occur throughout maturation in female athletes; however, only small maturational differences were found in relative force or spring‐like behavior. Consequently, most girls display poor SSC function irrespective of maturity.</abstract><cop>Denmark</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>34275170</pmid><doi>10.1111/sms.14025</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-1571</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7425-3148</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source Wiley:Jisc Collections:Wiley Jisc Read and Publish Open Access Agreement 2020-2023 (reading list); SPORTDiscus with Full Text
subjects Adolescent
Adolescent Development - physiology
anterior cruciate ligament
Athletic Injuries - prevention & control
Biomechanical Phenomena
Child
depth jump
Female
Females
growth
Humans
Jumping
maturation
Movement - physiology
plyometric
Plyometric Exercise
Weight-Bearing - physiology
title Maturity alters drop vertical jump landing force‐time profiles but not performance outcomes in adolescent females
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